Quirinus Kuhlmann
Quirinus Kuhlmann, also: Culmannus Kuhlmann, Kuhlman (* February 25, 1651 in Breslau, † October 4, 1689 in Moscow ) was a German writer and mystic.
Life
Kuhlmann was the son of the merchant ( harness -maker? ) Quirinus Kuhlmann the Elder and his wife Rosina, born Ludewig.
In his native town of Breslau, he attended Mary Magdalene school. As a sickly child, which also had trouble speaking, he spent much time in the well -equipped public library. From this period his first works. In 1669 he played a role in the woman mentioned by the school every year " Alexandrian spectacle "; he is thereby seriously ill and is already thought to be dead; fall his first visions in this time. For five years, he now believes to have two angels at his side.
1670 published his Kuhlmann sprung teutschen palm trees, an almost ecstatic praise of Fruitbearing society. The Pegnesische flower north and with him its president Sigmund von Birken, the revered Kuhlmann be sung in the following year with his Heavenly Libes - kissing. Because of this collection of sonnets, he was raised to the imperial poet laureate and found a noble patrons.
From 1670 to 1673 he studied law in Jena. Other books of poetry ensure that his fame as a poet more widespread. During this time, but he was also very religious questions. His early work is still being felt arrested the Baroque ideal of education. With the Jena period but also begins his major work, The Kühlpsalter.
From 1673 he lived in Leiden. There, his views radically transformed. Under the influence of Jacob Boehme, he wrote the Neubegeisterten Böhme and soon said Lutheranism the fight. Also, the dreamer king John I. Johann Rothe had at that time great influence on Kuhlmann. Alarmed by Kuhlmann's public appearances, he was expelled after a short time of suffering.
Kuhlmann went to Amsterdam to Breckling Friedrich and Johann Georg Gichtel. His first missionary attempts led him in March 1677 to Lübeck and Hamburg. From there it was on to London. Here he soon found a small circle of like-minded followers.
As he turned away from Lutheranism, he developed his doctrine of the " cooling monarchy." In it, he himself had the function of a novel Son of God held (God as " cool man " against the heat hell the devil ). Kuhlmann's goal was to unite the different religions and to create a spiritual kingdom. Visionaries like Christoph Kotter, whose visions he was referring to himself, should it as " cooling princes " CONFIGURE. Similar considerations panreligiöse found generally in this period numerous and in particular with Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, the order but did not dare to the public.
Beginning of 1678 broke Kuhlmann on to Paris to continue to drive from there to Constantinople Opel. The Turkish Sultan, the Kuhlmann wanted to hand over a copy of the visions compilation Lux e tenebris by Johann Amos Comenius was absent and could not therefore receive him. Without having achieved things needed to make the return journey Kuhlmann.
Kuhlmann went back to London and married in 1682 the doctor (?) Mary Gould. But after four years of marriage, Mary died, which was from her husband " Maria Angelica " called ( the English / Angelic ). Further journeys led inter alia Kuhlmann in Switzerland and Berlin, a trip to Jerusalem, he went to to return but after a week.
Because of its increasing self-deification, he gradually lost the support among his followers. Even his longtime collaborators Friedrich Breckling turned gradually away from him. Kuhlmann waited after the death of his wife, in 1686, nor the obligatory year of mourning from. In 1687, he married Esther Michaelis. With her he had a daughter, but who died in infancy.
1689 Kuhlmann tried again to disseminate his ideas and set out to evangelize the Church of Tsarist Russia. After first sermons he was denounced by the Lutheran pastor Joachim Meincke. This meant that Kuhlmann arrested for sedition and ghastly way - you burned him glowing crosses in the back - was tortured. On the orders of the Patriarch Joachim, he was burned alive on October 4, 1689 in Moscow publicly as a heretic.
Works
- Selected seals. Potsdam: rags, 1923.
- Sprung Teutsche palms, ed. Robert L. Beare, in: Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 52 (1953 ), pp. 346-371.
- Libes Heavenly Kisses. ed. Birgit Biehl -Werner. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1971. ( Repr ed d Jena 1671)
- Kühlpsalter. ed. Robert L. Beare. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1971. ( Repr ed d Amsterdam 1684-86 )
- Neubegeisterter Böhme. Literar. Club, Stuttgart 1995. ( Repr ed d Leiden 1642)