Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
Qutb al-Din Mahmud ibn Mas'ud al- Shirazi (Arabic قطب الدین محمود بن مسعود الشیرازي, DMG Qutb ad -Din Mahmud b Mas ʿ ūd aš - Šīrāzī; . * October 1236 in Shiraz, Iran, † February 7, 1311 in Tabriz ) was a Persian scientist of the 13th century who worked mainly in Shiraz, Maragha, Dschuvain, Anatolia (Konya, Sivas, Malatya ) and Syria. He is known among other things for his teacher Nasir al-Din al - Tusi wrote critiques of the Almagest of Ptolemy, the continuations of the optical experiments of Alhazen and for the first correct explanation of the structure of the rainbow. In addition to the astronomy and physics, Qutb ad -Din also dealt extensively with medicine and mathematics, and with "traditional" Islamic topics.
Qutb ad - Din's most famous works on astronomy are the 1281 finished Nihāyat al - idrak fī dirāyat al - Aflak ( " The limits of penetration of knowledge across the sky " ) and At- Tuḥfatu - š - šāhīya ( " The Royal Gift " ) from the year 1284th Both treat his model of planetary motion, which represented an improvement of the Ptolemaic Epizyklenmodells.
In mathematics, he wrote a treatise entitled Fi Harakat al- daḥrağa wa -n- nisba baina - l - mustawā wa-l - munḥanā ( " About rolling movements and the relationship between level and curve" ), presumably through elementary Zykloidengeometrie.
Qutb ad -Din comes from a family that produced many Sufis ( Islamic mystics ), and he also acted himself as such. In this role, he wrote a famous commentary on the Ḥikmatu - l - išrāq of Shahab al-Din Yahya Suhrawardi, an influential work within the Sufism. But Qutb ad-Din al- Shirazi most famous writing is the written in Persian work Durrat al - day li - Ġurrat ad DIBAG ( " pearl crown " ) of 1306. Knowing the speculative mysticism (Arabic ʿ Irfan ) he acquired through the study at Sadr ad - Din al - Qūnawī, which in turn is regarded as one of the best students of Ibn Arabi.
He has also written a commentary on the Qur'an.