Ranz des Vaches
A Kuhreihen (also Kühreihen, Kuhreigen and Kühreigen ) is a song that originally the cows were lured for milking in the Swiss Alps and the Higher Plateau. The term comes from a verb kuoreien first is in a popular song of 1531. The oldest surviving Kuhreihen has survived purely instrumental: the " Appenzeller Kureien praise praise ", which was set in 1545 in two voices in his Bicinia Gallica, Latina et Germanica by Georg Rhau.
Melodies and lyrics to before 1800 are occupied from the Emmental, Oberhasli, Entlebuch and Simmental. In the French-speaking area of the Canton of Freiburg ( Gruyère ) these songs Ranz des vache hot. There, too, they contain the reputation lioba por aria! (Cows, comes to milking! ) As well as the names of individual cows. The word praise for " cow " is common to the Alemannic dialects and Romanesque Alps, and Richard Weiss ( Folklore of Switzerland ) suspected pre-Indo origin. To date, hot in Central Switzerland, the cows d' Loobeli.
The doctor Johannes Hofer reported in its description of the Swiss sickness of 1688 De Nostalgia vulgo Heimwehe or home longing that Swiss mercenaries while listening to Kuhreihen would afflicted by melancholy and prone to desertion.
Similarly, the Zurich physician Johann Scheuchzer who writes around 1718, " This evil is most of all among those Schweitzern common, and is called la maladie du therefore such Pais » Scheuchzer reported that the officers of Swiss mercenaries in foreign service at " seriously penalty » forbidden to play Kuhreihen or sing, in order to prevent outbreaks of homesickness and desertion.
1798 the doctor wrote Johann Gottfried Ebel, even Helvetic cows suffering from homesickness, would be presented to them in a foreign Kuhreihen: " take immediately the cock crooked in the air, break all fences and are wild and furious. "
Following the herders' festival of Unspunnen of 17 August 1805, the Kuhreihen experienced a popular revival with the publications of eight "Swiss - Kühreihen " by G. J Kuhn and JR Wyss, the songs with all sorts of romantic and ' naivtuenden ' stories to life Senn furnished them. In the years 1812, 1818 and 1826 was followed by extended editions of this collection. The fourth and last edition was determined with 76 piano-accompanied numbers and luxurious images for educated tourists.
A Appenzeller Kuhreihen was reproduced in a reprint of Hofer's dissertation (Basel 1710) also notes, and then reprinted again and again, including in Rousseau's music lexicon (Paris 1768), mistakenly but also in a minor version. This version was known in Europe by Joseph Weigl's Singspiel The Swiss Family (Vienna 1809), Wyss and even printed it in 1826 after the version in Weigl's Singspiel from. So this so-called Kuhreigen scene for Franz Liszt, Joachim Raff, Meyerbeer, Rossini and Richard Wagner became the Anküpfungspunkt own compositions. As a consequence, other songs of this collection were verballhornt in Swiss homeland songs and served composers for excitation. They influenced the emergence in the 19th century, Swiss German yodelling.
Tobler (1890 ) describes the Appenzeller Löckler as particularly musical: The 've Senn on the Ebenalp the cows in the shortest time at the watering hole, so by using the syllables higher, huh, ä ... with the highest -to-reach in chest voice tone, and a chromatically downward sliding chain trills, by the heckling Chönd Wädli, Wädli, Wädli, Wädli! ( " Come quickly! " ) Is interrupted, let hear.
Similar melody formulas for attracting cows were, inter alia, used by the Walloon and Norwegian shepherds.