Raymond Duchamp-Villon
Raymond Duchamp - Villon ( born November 5, 1876 as Pierre -Maurice -Raymond Duchamp in Damville, France, † October 9, 1918 in Cannes, France ) was a French painter and sculptor.
Life
Duchamp - Villon was born in Damville, your in Rouen, Haute -Normandie, the second son of Eugene and Lucie Duchamp. Of the six children of the Duchamp family - except him - become three other siblings world-famous artists:
- His older brother Jacques Villon (1875-1963) as a painter and graphic artist,
- His younger brother Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) painter, sculptor and writer
- His sister Suzanne Duchamp - Crotti (1889-1963) as a painter.
From 1894 to 1898 Duchamp - Villon lived with his brother Jacques Montmartre neighborhood in Paris, where he studied medicine at the Sorbonne from 1895, but had to drop out of college in 1898 because he contracted chronic rheumatism.
He began his life plan to completely overhaul change and turned to sculpture in 1900. Starting as a self-taught with the creation of small statues, which he made with great craftsmanship, it kept until 1914 at the Art Nouveau, to Auguste Rodin, the Neo - Classicism, above all, to Aristide Maillol and the Futuro Cubism Umberto Boccioni. In the years 1902 and 1903, he had his first exhibitions in the Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux -Arts. He began to use his double name as an artist name, not to be confused with his brother and at the same time to be the " link " the two brothers.
Together with his brother Jacques in 1905 he had joint exhibitions at the Salon d' Automne and in the gallery Legrip in Rouen. The artistic reputation of Duchamp - Villon was now so great that he was appointed in 1907 a member of the jury for sculpture at the Salon d'Automne. Duchamp - Villon, whose art was initially influenced more by the work of Auguste Rodin, now made an important for cubism.
In 1911 he founded together with his brothers Jacques and Marcel and with other artists in Paris, the Puteaux Group, named after their place of residence Puteaux, where the brothers moved in 1907. In 1911 he exhibited at the Galerie de l' Art Contemporain in Paris and organized the following year with his brothers, an exhibition at the Salon de la Section d'Or in the Galerie de la Boétie. All three Duchamp brothers took part in the important 1913 Armory Show in New York City, which helped considerably to convey the idea of modern art in the United States.
In addition to the Armory Show Duchamp - Villon in the same year took part in exhibitions at the Galerie André Groult in Paris and the Galerie SVU Manes in Prague and introduced in 1914 in the Der Sturm gallery in Berlin. During World War II he served his military service in the French army from a medic, but continued to work on his sculptures, particularly on his masterpiece: the horse.
In the winter of 1916, during a deployment in the Champagne ill Raymond Duchamp-Villon of typhus and was transferred to the military hospital in Cannes. He died in Cannes on October 9, 1918.
In 1955, "The Horse " at the documenta in Kassel 1 certificate. In 1967, the last surviving brother Marcel organized in Rouen a great family business presentation entitled: Les Duchamp: Jacques Villon, Raymond Duchamp - Villon, Marcel Duchamp, Suzanne Duchamp. A similar exhibition was held later in the " Musée National d' Art Moderne " in Paris.