Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Republika Bosna i Hercegovina bosn. ) was between 1992 and 1995, a country in South Eastern Europe and the direct ancestor of the present Federal Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The country declared on 1 March 1992 after a (. Bosn of Serbs widely boycotted ) referendum of Yugoslavia, regardless in which agreed to 99.4 % of eligible participants for state sovereignty. Immediately after the international recognition in April 1992 broke the Bosnia war between Serbs on the one side and the Bosniak ( Muslim bosn. ) and the Croatian government army on the other side. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina existed until the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement, which abolished the Constitution of the Republic and the present Federal Republic created, composed of the two Republics Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and the Brcko district.
History
Having already Slovenia and Croatia had declared independence from Yugoslavia in mid-1991, also grew in Bosnia, the political tensions. Consequently, it was also in Bosnia, especially on the part of Bosniaks, sought an independence of the country, while the representatives of the Bosnian Serbs advocated an even closer bond with Serbia and Bosnia to remain within Yugoslavia. On 29 February and 1 March 1992 boykottiertes by most Bosnian Serb referendum was held, in which nearly all Bosniak and Croat parties election voted for Bosnian independence. In return, the Bosnian Serbs called a Serbian republic from within the country, whose seat of government was Pale. Thus the land declared on 2 March 1992 its withdrawal from Yugoslavia.
After the international recognition on 17 April 1992, the Army of Republika Srpska occupied large parts of the country and it came across the country to clashes between Serb, Croat and Bosniak units.
In the first elections, which also took place in the spring of 1992, the Bosniak Alija Izetbegovic was officially elected president, but was in fact only represent the Muslim population. Facing him was elected in the Republika Srpska Radovan Karadžić, and from August 1993, the Croatian Mate Boban, who founded the Croatian Republic of Herceg- Bosna and demanded autonomy within Bosnia. During the war, the international community realized that Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Constitution of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina could not exist and, in order to allow an end of the war, had to create a highly decentralized country. It was followed by various peace plans, such as the Vance - Owen plan, according to which the country should be divided into several cantons, each of which either Bosniaks, Serbs or Croats would represent the majority. Only in 1995 joined the Dayton Agreement in force, which also corresponded to the principle of decentralization and the country into two entities and a special administrative district ( Brcko District ) aufteilte, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is even under divided again into several cantons, while the Republika Srpska is constructed centrally.
The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina had a government army, the Armia Republike of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( ARBiH ). It was the largest armed force of Bosnian Muslims during the war, who fought against the forces of the Bosnian Serbs, and at times those of the Bosnian Croats. The present State has a common military ( Armija BiH).