Rhodiola rosea
Rhodiola ( Rhodiola rosea)
The golden root ( Rhodiola rosea ) is a plant in the family Crassulaceae ( Crassulaceae ). She has the chromosome number 2n = 22 or 36
- 5.1 Notes and references
Description
Appearance
Rhodiola grows as a perennial succulent plant, reaching heights of growth usually 5 to 20, rarely up to 35 centimeters. Are formed taproots. As Überdauerungsorgan a horizontal or vertical and often branched, 1 to 5 inches thick, tuberous, underground stem is formed, which has a characteristic rose-like odor (hence the German common name ). For this underground stem several aboveground stems are formed, which are thick, fleshy, and bare and have shed; they have when they are cut or injured a characteristic rose-like odor (hence the German common name ).
Leaves
The alternate, sometimes quirky, pseudo- stems arranged distributed leaves are sessile and are no more than one growing season lasting. The thick, succulent, blue-green, simple leaf blade is upside - lanceolate to somewhat spoon-shaped, with a length of 10 to 40 mm and a width of 2 to 10 mm. Both leaf surfaces are bare. The leaf number before the inflorescence is serrated margin entire or slightly.
Inflorescence and flower
Rhodiola is dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ), so there are male and female specimens. The flowers are borne in dense, frets then inflorescences. The well- scented, unisexual flowers are radial symmetry and possess a double perianth. The most four, rarely three or five sepals are free. The 1.5 to 2.5 mm long, free petals are yellow in the female flowers, purple in the fading red - orange and in the male flowers. In the male flowers of six to ten or more stamens are present. In the female flowers are three to six free ( apokarpe ), Upper constant carpels present. Each carpel contains only one to several ovules.
Fruit and seeds
There are three to six follicles upright together. Hairy fleshy follicle is oblong- cylindrical with a length of 4 to 6 mm and a diameter of 3 to 5 mm. The red to bright red when ripe follicle opens from the top. The seeds are 0.5 to 1 mm long.
Occurrence
Rhodiola has a Holarctic distribution. The distribution area includes the Arctic regions and the mountainous regions of Eurasia and North America.
Rhodiola grows in moist soils throughout the Fjellregion up high in the upper alpine zone at altitudes of about 2280 meters; grows in mountain canyons, on moist cliff paragraphs, on wet meadows and fens. However, it also occurs on dry, sandy soils in the higher mountain areas.
Health-related use
In Siberia the Roseroot " Golden Root " ( Золотой Корень, Solotoy Koren ) is called, because of the root extract to enhance memory, concentration and absorption capacity. It is an adaptogenic medicinal plant that has long medicinal use is in Russian, Baltic and Scandinavian countries, both as a tea or in the form of extracts. Also in other countries spread traditionally justified or volksheilkundliche application of preparations of Rosenwurzrhizoms to increase performance and reduce stress.
The effects may be mediated by changes in serotonin and dopamine levels: about via inhibition of monoamine oxidase, a better permeability of the blood -brain barrier for neurotransmitter precursors and an influence on opioid peptides (eg, endorphins ), a decreased secretion of stress hormones is discussed. Potential interactions are no adequate data.
In an assessment report, the European Medicines Agency evaluated (EMA ) studies on the applications stress-related exhaustion / fatigue, physical performance, mental / cognitive performance, night shift -related fatigue, sleep architecture, episodes of mild to moderate depression, generalized anxiety disorder. She came to the conclusion that the studies vary greatly in their quality and therefore had not received any sufficient evidence for therapeutic efficacy. However, as the results of clinical trials use in certain application areas plausibly make and Rhodiola has long come for use in natural medicine, with the lack of serious side effects, the benefit- risk ratio for the application for the temporary relief of stress symptoms such as fatigue and weakness as is positively evaluated.
Ingredients
The ingredients of the root of the drug are mainly phenolic glycosides such as Salidrosid, tyrosol and Rosavin. However, a pharmacological activity of certain ingredients is not exactly busy, and they are used primarily as a marker substances for the identification of the crude drug and extracts.
Extracts of Rhodiola extend the life span of fruit flies by up to 24 %.
Swell
- SG Aiken, MJ Dallwitz, LL Consaul, CL McJannet, LJ Gillespie, RL Boles, GW Argus, JM Gillett, PJ Scott, R. Elven, MC LeBlanc, A. K. Brysting & H. Solstad: Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Rhodiola rosea L. - roseroot, Golden Root, Arctic Root, Orpin Rose, Rhodiole rougeâtre - Online at DELTA. (Section Description and dissemination )