Rhynchosia

Rhynchosia acuminatifolia, habitus, three-part leaves, inflorescences and young fruits

Rhynchosia is a plant genus in the family Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). In the almost worldwide spread genus Rhynchosia there are 200 to 300 species. It is one of the genres of Faboideae whose types are called beans.

5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Rhynchosia species grow as crawling, climbing or self upright, perennial herbaceous plants, or rarely woody plants: subshrubs, shrubs or lianas. They can be evergreen or deciduous. The climbing species squirm up counterclockwise.

The alternate and spirally or two lines distributed to the stem axis arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The herbaceous to leathery leaf blades are pinnate. There are usually three leaflets available, the leaf blades are therefore usually in three parts or is it just the terminal leaflet present. At the feathery leaves a pulvinus is present. The flat rhombic leaflets are at a length of 1 to 5.5 cm, ovate, obovate, or circular, with a wedge-shaped or rounded base and smooth, flat edge. The underside of the leaflets is usually dotted with glandular with sessile glands. The two lateral leaflets are asymmetrical and the stalks of Endfiedern are more than four times as long as the lateral. It is Netznervatur available. If side leaflets of the pinnate leaves are present, they are tiny and bristle- shaped. The two durable or early falling stipules are often linear - lanceolate, with each other freely and not adherent to the petiole.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are rarely individually or usually several together in the pendant, simple or compound racemose inflorescences. The bracts usually fall off early. Bracts absent.

The stalked, hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth. The five unequal sepals are fused bell- shaped; of the five calyx teeth is the lowest only very briefly with the other and the top two are usually grown on almost its entire length. The corollas are longer than the calyx or short. The five petals can be nailed. The corollas possess the typical structure of the butterfly flower. The colors of the petals range from yellow or yellow with red to yellow to brown. The two bottom petals are fused to the boat, which is curved inwards. The two wings being bent towards the inside. The two wings can be fused with the boat. The flag normally developed, circular or ovoid wrong is not spurred, but may have at the base inwardly bent ears. The ten fertile stamens are not fused with the petals. Of the ten fertile stamens nine stamens are fused into a tube. All anthers are equal and open with a longitudinal slot. The individual, more or less sitting, standing above carpels rarely contain one or usually two ovules. The above its middle curved stylus is usually hairy at the bottom and ends with a small scar. The nectar secretion occurs at the discus. Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ).

Fruit and seeds

The more or less sedentary legumes are more or less flattened and elongated, with a length from 1.6 to 2.4 cm, wrong - lanceolate, obovate - ellipsoid, skew- circular, crescent- shaped or ellipsoidal, and are always at the top of beaked. The flattened or inflated, often glandular depending on the type legumes are not non-septate or constricted between the seeds. The opening at Ripe fruits rarely contain one or mostly two seeds.

The seeds are generally almost circular in outline or kidney-shaped. The hilum is round and the seed stalk ( funiculus ) is located in the center. If a Strophiole is present, then it is relatively small. The distribution unit ( diaspore ) is the seed.

Systematics and distribution

The first publication of the genus Rhynchosia took place in 1790 by João de Loureiro as Canavali in Flora cochinchinensis, 2, pp. 425, 460 type species is volubilis Lour Rhynchosia .. The genus name Rhynchosia is according to the rules of the ICBN ( Vienna ICBN Art 14.4 & App. III) conserved over Dolicholus Medik. nom. rej. and Cylista Aiton nom. rej .. Other synonyms for Rhynchosia Lour. nom. cons. are: Baukea Vatke, Copisma E.Mey, Leycephyllum Piper, Nomismia Wight & Arn, Orthodanum E.Mey, Pitcheria Nutt ... ..

The genus belongs to the subtribe Rhynchosia Cajaninae the tribe Phaseoleae in the subfamily Faboideae within the Fabaceae family.

The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution Rhynchosia; there are species in the tropics and subtropics.

There are 200 to 300 Rhynchosia types:

Rhynchosia acuminatifolia Makino
Rhynchosia acuminatissima Miq.
Rhynchosia acutissima Thwaites
Rhynchosia adenodes Eckl. & Zeyh.
Rhynchosia affinis De Wild.
Rhynchosia albae Paul Berhaut
Rhynchosia albissima Gand.
Rhynchosia alluaudii Sacleux
Rhynchosia amabilis Grear
Rhynchosia ambacensis ( Hiern ) K.Schum.
Rhynchosia americana (Mill.) Metz
Rhynchosia You androyensis Puy & Labat
Rhynchosia angulosa Schinz
Rhynchosia angustifolia DC.
Rhynchosia arenicola Hassl.
Rhynchosia argentea Harv.
Rhynchosia arida C.H.Stirt.
Rhynchosia aurea ( Willd. ) DC.
Rhynchosia avensis Baker
Rhynchosia axilliflora Hauman
Rhynchosia bakeri Schinz
Rhynchosia balansae Micheli
Rhynchosia barbertonensis C.H.Stirt.
Rhynchosia You baukea Puy & Labat
Rhynchosia baumii Harms
Rhynchosia beddomei Baker
Rhynchosia biballensis Torre
Rhynchosia bracteata Baker
Rhynchosia braunii Harms
Rhynchosia brunnea Baker f
Rhynchosia buchananii Harms
Rhynchosia buettneri Harms
Rhynchosia bullata Harv.
Rhynchosia burkartii Fortunato
Rhynchosia burkei Burtt Davy & Baker f
Rhynchosia caaguazuensis Hassl.
Rhynchosia calcicola Craib
Rhynchosia calobotrya Harms
Rhynchosia calosperma Warblers.
Rhynchosia calvescens Meikle
Rhynchosia calycina E.Mey.
Rhynchosia calycosa Hemsl.
Rhynchosia cana ( Willd. ) DC.
Rhynchosia candida ( Hiern ) Torre
Rhynchosia capensis ( Burm.f. ) Schinz
Rhynchosia capitata ( Roth) DC.
Rhynchosia caribaea ( Jacq. ) DC.
Rhynchosia castroi Baker f
Rhynchosia chevalieri Harms
Rhynchosia chinensis Y.T.Wei & S.K.Lee
Rhynchosia chrysantha Zahlbr.
Rhynchosia chrysoscias Harv. And Sond.
Rhynchosia ciliata ( Thunb. ) Druce
Rhynchosia cinerea Nash
Rhynchosia clausseni Benth.
Rhynchosia cliffordii Hutch. & E.A.Bruce
Rhynchosia clivorum S.Moore
Rhynchosia confusa Burtt Davy
Rhynchosia congensis Baker
Rhynchosia connata Baker f
Rhynchosia cooperi ( Baker f ) Burtt Davy
Rhynchosia corylifolia Benth.
Rhynchosia courtallensis Maesen
Rhynchosia crassifolia Harv.
Rhynchosia crispa Verdc.
Rhynchosia cytisoides ( Bertol. ) Wilbur
Rhynchosia dekindtii Harms
Rhynchosia delicatula O.Téllez & M.Sousa
Rhynchosia densiflora ( Roth) DC.
Rhynchosia dielsii Harms
Rhynchosia dieter Lenae Baker f
Rhynchosia difformis ( Elliott ) DC.
Rhynchosia discolor M.Martens & Galeotti
Rhynchosia distans Craib
Rhynchosia divaricata Baker
Rhynchosia diversifolia Micheli
Rhynchosia edulis Griseb.
Rhynchosia elegans A.Rich.
Rhynchosia emarginata Germish.
Rhynchosia erecta Thunb.
Rhynchosia erlangeri Harms
Rhynchosia erythraeae Schweinf.
Rhynchosia erythrinoides Schltdl. & Cham.
Rhynchosia exellii Torre
Rhynchosia falconeri Baker
Rhynchosia ferruginea A.Rich.
Rhynchosia ferulifolia Harv.
Rhynchosia filipes Benth.
Rhynchosia fischeri P.Satyanar. & Thoth.
Rhynchosia flava ( Forssk. ) Thulin
Rhynchosia fleckii Schinz
Rhynchosia foliosa Mark Otter
Rhynchosia galpinii Baker f
Rhynchosia gandensis Torre
Rhynchosia gansole Chiov.
Rhynchosia genistoides Burtt Davy
Rhynchosia goetzei Harms
Rhynchosia gossweileri Baker f
Rhynchosia grandiflora Steud.
Rhynchosia hainesiana P.Satyanar. & Thoth.
Rhynchosia harae H.Ohashi & Tateishi
Rhynchosia harmsiana Zahlbr.
Rhynchosia harveyi Eckl. & Zeyh.
Rhynchosia hauthalii Kuntze
Rhynchosia heterophylla Hauman
Rhynchosia Wight & Arn heynei.
Rhynchosia himalensis Baker
Rhynchosia hirsuta Eckl. & Zeyh.
Rhynchosia hirta ( Andrews ) Meikle & Verdc.
Rhynchosia holosericea Schinz
Rhynchosia holstii Harms
Rhynchosia holtzii Harms
Rhynchosia huillensis ( Hiern ) K.Schum.
Rhynchosia insignis ( O.Hoffm. ) R.E.Fr.
Rhynchosia jacobii Chandrab. & B.V.Shetty
Rhynchosia jacottetii Schinz
Rhynchosia kilimandscharica Harms
Rhynchosia komatiensis Harms
Rhynchosia kunmingensis Y.T.Wei & S.K.Lee
Rhynchosia laetissima Baker
Rhynchosia lateritia Burkart
Rhynchosia latifolia Torr. & A. Gray
Rhynchosia You leandrii Puy & Labat
Rhynchosia ledermannii Harms
Rhynchosia leucophylla ( Benth. ) Benth.
Rhynchosia leucoscias Harv.
Rhynchosia lineata Benth.
Rhynchosia longeracemosa M.Martens & Galeotti
Rhynchosia longiflora Schinz
Rhynchosia longipetiolata Hosseus
Rhynchosia longissima Hauman
Rhynchosia lukafuensis Baker f
Rhynchosia luteola ( Hiern ) K.Schum.
Rhynchosia macrantha Hauman
Rhynchosia macrocarpa Benth.
Rhynchosia madagascariensis R.Vig.
Rhynchosia malacophylla ( Spreng. ) Boii
Rhynchosia malacotricha Harms
Rhynchosia mannii Baker
Rhynchosia mantaroensis J.F.Macbr.
Rhynchosia marcanii Craib
Rhynchosia meeboldii P.Satyanar. & Thoth.
Rhynchosia megalocalyx Thulin
Rhynchosia melanocarpa Grear
Rhynchosia mensensis Schweinf.
Rhynchosia michauxii Vail
Rhynchosia micrantha Harms
Rhynchosia microscias Harv.
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC.
Rhynchosia mollis Burtt Davy
Rhynchosia monophylla Schltr.
Rhynchosia monticola Grear
Rhynchosia naineckensis Fortunato
Rhynchosia namaensis Schinz
Rhynchosia nelsonii (Rose) Grear
Rhynchosia nepalensis Tateishi & H.Ohashi
Rhynchosia nervosa Harv.
Rhynchosia nipensis Urb.
Rhynchosia nitens Harv.
Rhynchosia nitida Harv.
Rhynchosia nummularia (L. ) DC.
Rhynchosia nyasica Baker
Rhynchosia nyikensis Baker
Rhynchosia oblatifoliolata Verdc.
Rhynchosia oblongifoliolata Hauman
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms
Rhynchosia ovata J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
Rhynchosia ovatifoliolata Torre
Rhynchosia pallida Micheli
Rhynchosia parviflora E.Mey.
Rhynchosia parvifolia DC.
Rhynchosia pauciflora bolus
Rhynchosia peglerae Baker f
Rhynchosia pentheri Zahlbr.
Rhynchosia phaseoloides ( Sw. ) DC.
Rhynchosia picta ( E.Mey. ) Burtt Davy
Rhynchosia pinnata Harv.
Rhynchosia platyphylla Benth.
Rhynchosia potosina Brandegee
Rhynchosia precatoria ( Willd. ) DC.
Rhynchosia preussii ( Harms ) Harms
Rhynchosia pringlei Rose
Rhynchosia procurrens ( Hiern ) K.Schum.
Rhynchosia prostrata Brandegee
Rhynchosia pseudo- cajan Cambess.
Rhynchosia pseudoteramnoides Hauman
Rhynchosia pseudoviscosa Harms
Rhynchosia pubescens DC.
Rhynchosia pulchra ( Vatke ) Harms
Rhynchosia pulverulenta Stocks
Rhynchosia pycnostachya ( DC.) Meikle
Rhynchosia pyramidalis ( Lam.) Urb.
Rhynchosia quadrata Harv.
Rhynchosia quercetorum Standlschmaus.
Rhynchosia ramosa Verdc.
Rhynchosia reniformis ( Pursh ) DC.
Rhynchosia reptabunda N.E.Br.
Rhynchosia resinosa ( A.Rich. ) Baker
Rhynchosia reticulata ( Sw. ) DC.
Rhynchosia rhomboidea Benth.
Rhynchosia rojasii Hassl.
Rhynchosia rostrata Benth.
Rhynchosia rothii Aitch.
Rhynchosia rotundifolia Walp.
Rhynchosia rudolfii Harms
Rhynchosia rufescens ( Willd. ) DC.
Rhynchosia salicifolia Hauman
Rhynchosia schimperi Boiss.
Rhynchosia schlechteri Baker f
Rhynchosia schomburgkii Benth.
Rhynchosia scutulaefolia Baker f
Rhynchosia secunda Eckl. & Zeyh.
Rhynchosia senna Hook.
Rhynchosia sordida ( E.Mey. ) Schinz
Rhynchosia speciosa Verdc.
Rhynchosia spectabilis Schinz
Rhynchosia splendens Schweinf.
Rhynchosia stenodon Baker f
Rhynchosia stenophylla Urb. Ekman &
Rhynchosia stipata Meikle
Rhynchosia suaveolens ( L. F. ) DC.
Rhynchosia sublobata ( Schum. ) Meikle
Rhynchosia swartzii ( Vail ) Urb.
Rhynchosia tamaulipensis Grear
Rhynchosia tarphantha Standlschmaus.
Rhynchosia teixeirae Torre
Rhynchosia teramnoides Harms
Rhynchosia thorncroftii ( Baker f ) Burtt Davy
Rhynchosia tomentosa (L.) Hook. & Arn.
Rhynchosia totta ( Thunb. ) DC.
Rhynchosia tricuspidata Baker f
Rhynchosia usambarensis Taub.
Rhynchosia velutina Wight & Arn.
Rhynchosia vendae C.H.Stirt.
Rhynchosia verdcourtii Thulin
Rhynchosia versicolor Baker
Rhynchosia villosula Burtt Davy
Rhynchosia viscidula Steud.
Rhynchosia viscosa ( Roth) DC.
Volubilis Lour Rhynchosia.
Rhynchosia wellmaniana Harms
Rhynchosia woodii Schinz
Rhynchosia yucatanensis Grear
Yunnanensis Franch Rhynchosia.
Rhynchosia zernyi Harms

Use

Some species are cultivated for the production of food. For example, plant parts of Rhynchosia diversifolia, Rhynchosia malacophylla, Rhynchosia minima Rhynchosia Memnonia, Rhynchosia senna, Rhynchosia sennaarensis, Rhynchosia sublobata be eaten.

Since they fix nitrogen ( Rhizobium root nodules ), they are important for soil improvement.

Some species are called in Mexico Piule; their beautiful red and black seeds were probably used by the Mexican civilizations as a narcotic. Some Rhynchosia species tested positive for alkaloid levels, but its effect has not yet been characterized. The seeds of some species are used in folk medicine of many countries.

Rosids International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants Agricultural Research Service

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