Romance-speaking Europe

Romania referred to in linguistics those areas where Romance languages ​​are spoken. These speakers are referred to as novels.

  • 4.1 Historical Definition

Geographical classification

In Europe, Portugal, the Vatican City, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, the largest part of Italy, Spain, France, Romania and Moldova, as well as large parts of Belgium and Switzerland belong to Romania. Latin America from Mexico in the north to Tierra del Fuego in the south is home to most speakers of Romance languages ​​. In Africa, in the former French, Belgian, Portuguese, Spanish and Italian colonies, the languages ​​of the colonizers often more official languages ​​of the multi-ethnic states.

Common Terms

  • Romania submersa: those areas once Roman -influenced area in which the Romance languages ​​have largely disappeared or decreased substantially - for example, Germania, Britain, North Africa, but also (partly) the Balkans.
  • Romania nova: those language areas that were never Roman, but later colonized or romanised of Romanesque States - for example, Latin America and Canada Franko.
  • Old or Romania Romania continua: those language areas (mainly in the field of geographical Europe ), in which, after a period of Romanization should eventually form Romance languages ​​from Vulgar Latin and even today still spoken.

Subdivisions of Old Romania

Distinction by Amado Alonso

Amado Alonso distinguished the

  • Romania continua: those language areas who have continuously maintained the Latin or Romance language since ancient times, with no major breakthroughs in the respective languages ​​and with smaller differences for Latin.
  • Romania discontinua: have influenced those language areas in which post- Roman languages ​​Contact the development of their Romance languages ​​lasting and strong. This is the case of the French ( by contact with the Germanic, namely the Franconian the Gallo Romania) and Romanian ( by contact with Slavic languages).

Subdivision by Tagliavini

Carlo Tagliavini divided the Romania in

  • Balkan Romance languages ​​(which Dakorumänisch, Aromanian and the Dalmatian count )
  • Italo Romance languages ​​(which the Italian plus its language varieties, Istriotisch and then seen by the now independent languages ​​of the Sardinians and Romansh count )
  • Gallo-Roman languages ​​(which include French, Franco-Provençal, Occitan and Catalan partly as a bridge language include )
  • Ibero-Romance languages ​​(which can be Catalan, Spanish, Portuguese and Galician count )

Subdivision by Bartoli

After Matteo Bartoli, the Romania can be divided topographically into four groups (Iberia, Gallia, Italia and Dacia). Iberia and Dacia hereafter form the so-called border Romania, while the central Romania hereafter composed of Italia and Gallia. Bartoli subdivision are studies, which states that most innovative impulses emanating from the central Romania, while the edge Romania linguistically most archaic, conservative or behave. For example, keep the Spanish and Romanian language for the word " table " words in which are derived from the older Latin word mensa (Spanish mesa, Romanian MASA ) etymologically, while the younger form of tab- the respective Italian ( tavola ) and French word ( table ) took shape.

Subdivision of Wartburg (1950 )

Walther von Wartburg divided the Romansh-speaking areas in eastern and western Romania. He made his subdivision laid especially on the spoken in the areas pre-Roman languages ​​(such as Celtic ) and certain quasi occurring phonetic phenomena. In this context, the Isoglossenbündel that runs from La Spezia on the Riviera to Rimini on the Adriatic coast of importance. To the north, in western Romania

  • Be vulgar Latin / p /, / t /, / k / between vowels sonorisiert (eg vlat. sapere > sp. saber )
  • The pronunciation of the Latin consonant cluster / kt / and / ult / in the word inside is moved; According to the education takes place in the mouth further forward, in the direction of the hard palate ( palatalization )
  • Remains the received sound / s / at the end of the word.

In the Ostromania was after Wartburg each the opposite is true.

Non - linguistic definition

Historical definition

From the 3rd century displaced in the vernacular, " Romania", the term " Roman Empire " because since Caracalla all free inhabitants of the Roman Empire possessed Roman citizenship and thus only gave " Romans ". Subjectively saw themselves since all the subjects of the Roman Empire, to the extent they do not, for example, were for religious reasons in opposition to the Empire, as Roman, the Latin -speaking Romans, the Greek-speaking citizens of the eastern half of the empire, which itself ( until the 19th century, partly to present) called the Romans ( Rhomäer ), not Romans, but still called Greeks.

Historically as Romania and the Latin Empire of the Teutonic Knights 1204-1260 referred to the bottom of the Eastern Roman ( Byzantine ) Empire, as "Romania " in its Greek form, the self-designation of the Eastern Roman Empire was that continue the Crusaders in a Latin- Western ecclesiastical form wanted.

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