Romolo Murri
Romolo Murri ( born August 27, 1870 in Monte San Pietrangeli in Ancona, Italy, † March 12, 1944 in Rome) was a Catholic theologian and was assigned to the Catholic modernism in Italy, he was also a journalist and a politician.
- 3.1 suspension and excommunication
- 3.2 politician and Member of Parliament
Life
He studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University in 1893 in Rome, theology, and was a pupil of Antonio Labriola, from whom he took the socialist ideas. After his excommunication he married in 1912 and lived in the next 30 years as a freelance journalist and writer.
The modernist movement
Murri was part of a modernist movement that called for a change in the conditions of church and state, but also a revival of Christian values in society. This modern orientation led to conflict with the officially - Magisterium of the Church, for he not only called for improved conditions from the state, but also pursued the democratic change within the church. He called for an ecclesiastical hierarchy, which lay independent work (see Catholic Action ) allow, on the social sector to work independently and should meet the clergy which different tasks. With Cardinal Antonio Agliardi, who was employed as nuncio in Austria, he was an advocate of Christian Democracy, the Cardinal also supported the Socialist parties in Austria and Germany.
Catholicism and Communism
His demands was geared to allow the transmissivity of Catholicism and Communism, but should be based on reciprocity. This association Murri the idea that socialism with the values of Catholicism into communication could be what he is a departure of socialism from its atheistic tendency promised, but also a flattening on socio-political conditions that might be supportive of the Catholic Action.
The journalist and politician
Murri had soon realized that he had to publish his idea of a Christian democracy, if it should be known. He founded the magazine Vita Nuova Cultura Sociale and explained in many articles, how one can achieve the democratic breakthrough. On July 2, 1904, Pope Pius X decreed the dissolution of the "Opera dei Congressi ", whose leadership was now exercised by Romolo Murri. This now had the consequence that Murri 1905, the first denominational party " Lega Nazionale democratica " founded. The accession was forbidden under pain of suspension of all the priests and candidates for the priesthood under the exclusion of the ordinations.
Suspension and excommunication
In the Encyclical Pieni l' animo (1906 ) Pope Pius X condemned the followers of modernism and demanded the cessation of all their activities, especially those of the clergy and in seminaries. On April 15, 1907 Romolo Murri was suspended - although he was open to some concessions, but did not want to completely move away from its reflection. Then took place on March 19, 1909 his excommunication.
Politician and Member of Parliament
In 1909 he was selected as a deputy in the Italian parliament and joined the "left faction" to. He was an excellent journalist and pursued with great zeal to continue the reconciliation between the Church and the modern state, further called Murri the expansion of a democratic style in the church.
Works (selection)
- Struggles of today ( Battaglie d' oggi ). Diederichs, Jena 1 The Christian life in the early twentieth century (La vita christiana al principio del secolo XX). 1910
- From the religion, the Church and the State ( religione Della, della chiesa e dello stato ). , 1910.
- Church and democracy or the political modernism. In: Paul Sabatier, Romolo Murri, Alfred Lilley, Philip Funk: The Modernism. Four lectures at the 5th World Congress for Free Christianity and Religious Progress, Berlin, 1910. Protestant magazine distribution, Berlin 1911