Romulea

Large-flowered crocus ( Romulea bulbocodium )

The Scheinkrokusse ( Romulea ), also called Sandkrokusse, are a genus of the family of Iris Family ( Iridaceae ). The genus consists of about (80 to ) 90 species. The genus name is derived from the Romulea founders of Rome, Romulus; the type species grows around Rome.

Description

Romulea species grow as deciduous or rarely evergreen, perennial, herbaceous plants. They are very differently shaped tubers from different depending on the type wrappers ( " Tunic " ) as outlasting. The basal, simple leaves are unifacial, linear to filiform and parallel-veined, usually with two grooves ( more grooves there are only the two types of series Aquaticae ). The leaf margin is smooth.

The only short, branched inflorescences aged men often do not extend beyond the Earth's surface and contain one flower per branch. The bracts have a membranous margin. There are two leathery, green bracts per flower available. The flowers usually do not smell. The sessile flowers are hermaphroditic, radial symmetry and threefold. The six almost equally shaped bracts are fused short bell-shaped. The colors of the bracts range from mostly white to yellow to orange (orange -brown) or pink. It's just a circle with three mostly free, fertile stamens present. Three carpels are a inferior ovary fused with 20 to 50 ovules per ovary chamber. The style ends in usually six, rarely three scars branches.

In many species, the stem grows after fertilization to fruit ripening and then rises above the earth's surface also. The dreifächerigen fruit capsules contain 20 to 100 seeds. The wingless, spherical seeds are light to dark brown and mostly smooth.

Dissemination

Romulea species are native to the Atlantic Europe and the Mediterranean region, in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, Socotra, in tropical Africa ( three types: Romulea camerooniana, Romulea congoensis and Romulea fischeri ) and in South Africa. About 15 species occur in the Mediterranean region, in Western Europe, the Canary Islands, Madeira and the Azores. Approximately 73 species are found in the Capensis, mainly in areas with winter rains.

System

The genus belongs to the tribe Romulea Croceae ( Syn: Ixieae ) in the subfamily Crocoideae. A synonym for Romulea Maratti is Trichonema Ker Gawl.

The genus is divided into two subgenera with six sections and series and contains approximately (80 to ) 90 species:

  • Subgenus Romulea: Section Romulea: Autumnales series: four ways: Romulea autumnalis L. Bolus
  • Romulea camerooniana Baker
  • Romulea congoensis Beg.
  • Romulea fischeri Pax
  • Romulea gigantea Beg.
  • Romulea M. P. pratensis de Vos
  • Large-flowered crocus ( Romulea bulbocodium (L.) Sebast & Mauri. ), Origin: Southern Europe, North Africa, the Near East.
  • Romulea columnae Sebast. Mauri &
  • Romulea corsica Jord. & Fourr.
  • Romulea cyrenaica Beg.
  • Canary crocus ( Romulea grandiscapa Baker)
  • Romulea ligustica Parl
  • Greek crocus ( Romulea linaresii Parl ), Origin: Sicily, Greece, western Turkey.
  • Romulea melitensis Beg.
  • Romulea nivalis ( Boiss. & Kotschy ) Klatt, Origin: Lebanon ( Mt Hermon ).
  • Romulea phenicia Mouterde
  • Romulea ramiflora Ten home. Mediterranean region, Portugal.
  • Romulea requienii Parl
  • Romulea revelierei Jord. & Fourr.
  • Romulea tempskyana Freyn, Origin: Turkey, Cyprus, Palestine.
  • Romulea uliginosa Kuntze
  • Series Ciliatae: with 21 species: Romulea barkerae M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea biflora ( Beg ) M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea citrina Baker
  • Romulea M. P. elliptica de Vos
  • Romulea flava ( Lam.) M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea flexuosa Klatt
  • Romulea kamisensis M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea leipoldtii Marais
  • Romulea J. C. maculata Manning & Goldblatt
  • Romulea montana Schltr. ex BEG.
  • Romulea namaquensis M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea pearsonii M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea J. C. rupestris Manning & Goldblatt
  • Romulea saldanhensis M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea schlechteri Beg.
  • Romulea saxatilis M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea speciosa ( Andrews ) Baker (syn. Romulea neglecta ( Schult. ) MPen Vos nom illeg. ): It occurs in the Western Cape Province.
  • Romulea sulphurea Beg.
  • Romulea tabularis Eckl. ex BEG, home. South Africa
  • Romulea tetragona M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea toximontana M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea vinacea M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea minutiflora Klatt
  • Romulea sinispinosensis M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea multisulcata M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea aquatica G.J. Lewis
  • Romulea M. P. stellata de Vos
  • Romulea austinii E. Phillips
  • Romulea macowanii Baker
  • Romulea sphaerocarpa M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea tortuosa ( Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. ) Baker
  • Hirsutae series: six ways: Romulea discifera J. C. Manning & Goldblatt
  • Romulea gracillima Baker
  • Romulea hirsuta ( Steud. ex Klatt ) Baker
  • Romulea sladenii M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea tortilis Baker
  • Romulea triflora ( Burm. f ) N. E. Br
  • Series Amoenae: with two types: Romulea amoena Schltr. ex BEG.
  • Romulea sanguinalis M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea albomarginata M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea dichotoma ( Thunb. ) Baker
  • Romulea fibrosa M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea jugicola M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea longipes Schltr.
  • Romulea setifolia N. E. Br
  • Subgenus Spatalanthus: Section Cruciatae: Cruciatae series: four ways: Romulea cruciata ( Jacq. ) Beg.
  • Romulea M. P. eximia de Vos
  • Romulea membranous M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea vlokii M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea hantamensis ( Diels ) Goldblatt
  • Roseae series: six ways: Romulea cedarbergensis M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea hirta Schltr.
  • Romulea lilacina J. C. Manning & Goldblatt
  • Romulea M. P. monticola de Vos
  • Romulea obscura Klatt
  • Romulea rosea (L.) Eckl.
  • Romulea atrandra G.J. Lewis
  • Romulea diversiformis M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea hallii M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea komsbergensis M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea luteiflora ( M. P. de Vos ) M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea malaniae M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea M. P. multifida de Vos
  • Romulea monadelpha (Sweet ex Steud. ) Baker
  • Romulea sabulosa Schltr. ex BEG.
  • Romulea subfistulosa M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea unifolia M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea viridibracteata M. P. de Vos
  • Romulea albiflora J. C. Manning & Goldblatt
  • Romulea syringodeoflora M. P. de Vos

Use

Varieties of Romulea bulbocodium be used as ornamental plants.

Swell

  • Peter Goldblatt: Romulea. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales, Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al, 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5, p 407, online.
  • J. Gathe: Romulea. In: Western Australian Herbarium (ed.): Flora Base. The Western Australian Flora. Department of Environment and Conservation 2008, online.
  • John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt: A synoptic review of Romulea ( Iridaceae: Crocoideae ) in sub- Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra including new species, biological notes, and a new question eric classification. In: Adansonia, 3ème Série. Volume 23, No. 1, 2001, pp. 59-108, PDF file.
  • John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt, Dee A. Snijman: The color encyclopedia of Cape bulbs. Timber Press, Portland, 2002, ISBN 0-88192-547-0.
  • Peter Goldblatt, Peter Bernhardt, John C. Manning: Floral biology of Romulea ( Iridaceae: Crocoideae ): a progression from a generalist to a specialist pollination System. in Adansonia, 3ème Série. Volume 24, No. 2, 2002, pp. 243-262, PDF.
  • Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Boedeker, Siegmund Seybold: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Band. 2 species and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7.
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