Rumex hydrolapathum
River dock ( Rumex hydrolapathum )
Called The River dock ( Rumex hydrolapathum ), also Pond Dock or giant dock, belongs to the genus sorrel ( Rumex ) from the family of the buckwheat family ( Polygonaceae ).
Description
These are perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of growth between 0.8 to 2.5 m and thus belong to the largest Ampferarten. The " rhizome " is strong and mehrköpfig, he is black and forms a flat Bult. The up to 80 cm long, lanceolate basal leaves are narrowed at the base into the petiole. In the middle of the leaf lateral veins from the midrib branches more or less from perpendicular. The leaves are finely curled at the edge and dark green. They are long-petiolate. The side leaf sheaths are short and notched.
The stems from which each leaf rosette may arise from multiple, usually branched only in the region of the inflorescence, which is staffed with relatively dense Blütenquirlen and occupies about a third of the stem length. The 5-7 mm long, toothless Valven are triangular. They are occupied, each with a two to three times as long as broad callus. The reason Valve is slightly wedge-shaped or straight, but not as ausgerandet cordate at similar broadleaf dock ( Rumex obtusifolius ). The Art Flowers reddish in the period from July to August. It forms after 3 to 5 mm long, broad at the top top-shaped, brown nut fruit from.
Distribution and habitat requirements
The river - dock grows in siltation area of lakes or rivers or in ditches, even in shallow water. On wet to very wet, frequently flooded, moderately to nutrient-rich, muddy or durchschlickten, gravelly, sandy or silty soils. The typical growing area is the immediate shoreline, where the species between the water surface and the reed belts intercalates.
The species often grows together ( Sparganium erectum ), sweet flag ( Acorus calamus ) and Broad-leaved cattail ( Typha latifolia ) with eutraphenten reed species, such as, among others, water vapors ( Glyceria maxima), Branched bur-reed.
This type is found naturally only in Europe. The southwestern border stretches along the northern edge of the Pyrenees. The eastern boundary is formed by the Volga. The northern boundary extends to a maximum of 62 degrees north latitude. In the south of the area of distribution ends in the Po valley, in the northern Balkan Peninsula, on the northern Black Sea coast. In North America, find neophyte occurrence.
System
After herbarium specimens, the species forms with the water - sorrel ( Rumex aquaticus ) natural hybrids. The bastard is in areas where both species, not rare. In habit it resembles more the river dock, but differs by the trimmed at the bottom or on one or both heart-shaped basal leaves and lower stem leaves.
River dock and man
The existence of the river - broad leaved Dock has declined by channelization and river engineering. Regionally, the type has declined significantly in the 20th century and is in need of conservation.
Plant parts contain abundant oxalic acid, which is harmful in larger quantities for everyone, especially for people with kidney disease. After cooking, the share of oxalic acid but markedly reduced and the plant can be eaten cooked like spinach. The dried seeds found crushed as the use of spices.
The species has medicinal benefits, the root helps to treat indigestion and diarrhea. Placed on balance sheets help to treat ulcers in the eye area.