Ruppia

Habitat of beach - Salde ( Ruppia maritima ).

The balances ( Ruppia ) are the only genus of the family of balances family ( Ruppiaceae ), which belongs to the order of the plantain -like ( Alismatales ) within the monocot plants. The scientific genus name Ruppia chose Carl Linnaeus in honor of the botanist Heinrich Bernhard Rupp. The balances look like grass. They grow in undersea meadows, often in brackish water, where they are an important food source for seabirds.

  • 2.1 types
  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Habit and foliage leaves

Ruppia species grow as annuals or perennial herbaceous plants. These submerged ( submerged ) Aquatic plants thrive in brackish or sea water. They are anchored with rare monopodial rhizomes, but mostly with fibrous roots in the stream bottom. The internodes are usually well trained.

Your alternate and distichous arranged leaves are divided into leaf sheath and blade. The narrow leaf blade has a prominent midrib and a serrated edge. In the leaf axils two scales are present.

Inflorescences and flowers

Increase the inflorescence axes and rotate often spirally after pollination. The terminal, capitate, aged men inflorescences have a spathe and no support or cover sheets and only two flowers.

The sessile, small flowers are hermaphroditic. Bracts absent. There are only two stamens with at most very short stamens present. The 4 to 16 above permanent carpels are free. Each carpel contains only one parietal and campylotrope ovule. It is not formed stylus; the scar is so sedentary.

Fruit and seeds

The drupe -like fruits contain a seed. The hanging seed has no endosperm. The embryo is straight.

Chromosomes

The chromosomes are 0.7 to 4.4 microns long. The chromosome number is n = 8 or 10-12.

Systematics and distribution

It has a worldwide distribution of the temperate latitudes to the tropics. In Central Europe, only the two types beach - Salde ( Ruppia maritima ) and Schraubige Salde ( Ruppia cirrhosa ) occur naturally. They thrive in brackish water (rare in fresh water ) and other saline habitats.

The first publication of the genus Ruppia was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum and the Ruppiaceae family by Pavel Fyodorovich Gorjaninow in Primae lineae systematis Naturae, 1834, type species of Ruppia maritima L. 46 are synonyms for Ruppia L.: . Bucafer Adans, Buccaferrea P.Micheli ex Petagna, Dzieduszyckia Rehmann.

Previously, the balances ( Ruppia ) the family of pondweed family ( Potamogetonaceae ) have been assigned. Molecular biological investigations have recently led to the realization balances ( Ruppia ) to be classified in their own family. Within the order of the Alismatales Ruppiaceae are a sister group of the Cymodoceaceae.

Species

The determination and delimitation of species is difficult, and so it came to a variety of synonyms. Subspecies or varieties are not currently recognized. There are about seven (one to ten) Ruppia species:

  • Schraubige Salde or Helical Salde ( Ruppia cirrhosa ( Petagna ) Grande, Syn: Ruppia spiralis Dum, Ruppia lacustris Macoun, Ruppia occidentalis S.Watson, Ruppia truncatifolia Miki. ): Global distribution.
  • Ruppia didyma Sw. ex Wikstr. ( Syn: Ruppia anomala Ostenf. ): It occurs only in Mexico and Puerto Rico.
  • Ruppia filifolia ( Phil.) Skottsb. ( Syn: Ruppia obtusa Hagstr. ): The home of Peru to Argentina, including the Falkland Islands.
  • Beach - Salde, marine Salde or Beaked Salde ( Ruppia maritima L., syn. Ruppia brevipes Bertol ex Griseb, Ruppia curvicarpa A.Nelson, Ruppia drepanensis Tineo ex G.Gussone, Ruppia obliqua Griseb & Schenk, Ruppia pectinata. .. Rydb, Ruppia rostellata WDJKoch ex Rchb, Ruppia trichodes Durand, Ruppia salina Schur, Ruppia subsessilis Thwaites, Ruppia taquetii H.Lév, Ruppia transsilvanica Schur, Ruppia zosteroides Lojac ): .. . with global distribution.
  • Ruppia megacarpa R.Mason: It is used in New Zealand, in the south-eastern and southern Australia.
  • Ruppia polycarpa R.Mason: It is used in New Zealand, in the south-eastern and southern Australia.
  • Ruppia tuberosa JSDavis & TomL. It occurs in western and southern Australia.

Swell

  • The Ruppiaceae in APWebsite family. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Youhao Guo, Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist: Ruppiaceae. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3, pp. 118, online, PDF file (Section Description, systematics and distribution ).
  • Robert R. Haynes: Ruppiaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae ( in part), and Zingiberidae, Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 2000, ISBN 0-19-513729-9, pp. 75-76 ( limited preview in Google Book Search ). , Family, Genus online ( Description section ).
  • Khadija Aziz: Flora of West Pakistan 80: Ruppiaceae. Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi in 1975, Family, Genus online ( Description section ).
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