Sahih al-Bukhari
Saheeh al -Bukhari (Arabic صحيح البخاري, DMG Sahih al - Bukhari ) is the common name of a collection of hadiths, which goes back to the scholar Muhammad ibn Transoxianan Ismā īl ʿ al -Bukhari (d. 870). The correct working title is al - Jami ʿ al- Saheeh / الجامع الصحيح / al - ʿ Ǧāmi aṣ - Sahih /, " The comprehensive Healthy " '. The work comes first of the six canonical hadith collections and still enjoys in Sunni Islam highest esteem. With regard to his authority and holiness it is here right behind the Koran.
Al -Bukhari said to have worked in his Saheeh sixteen years. Apparently he was looking for from 600,000 hadiths about 2,800 - with no repetitions in the work - according to the strictest criteria of tradition criticism to include them as " Sahih " in his collection. The main objective of the work was to find all topics of Islamic jurisprudence by authentic Hadiths a support and the opportunity to offer the reader to clarify conflicting theories of law schools by the Hadithbelege.
Construction
The Sahih al -Bukhari contains 97 books which are ordered from the fourth chapter in accordance with the structure of the fiqh books thematically ( Musannaf ) and reflect the traditional religious worldview of his time. In the first three chapters of other topics will be discussed: the beginning of the revelation, questions of faith and the benefits of science. They also include traditions about Qur'anic exegesis, good manners and dream interpretation, about the civil war, about the merits of Muhammad's companions and of the doctrine of Tawheed. Al -Bukhari Hadith supplemented often with his own glosses, which are, however, according to the strict rules of the hadith literature, separated from the text of the hadith to etymologically, syntactically and lexically to discuss the content.
Textual history
The " Saheeh " was taught in the 9th and 10th centuries in the scholarly circles, especially by four well-known tradition variants. The Alphonse Mingana Orientalist has shown in his study (1936 ) the history of the plant lore from the Islamic East to al -Andalus.
The deceased in 1302 Egyptian scholar ʿ Alī ibn Muhammad al- Yunīnī made on the basis of the most reliable copies - and that included a copy of Ibn ʿ Asaakir - a copy of which has been considered in the subsequent period as the basic editorial staff of the " Sahih ". al - Yunīnī has documented the textual variants and interpolations of copies used by him in his copy with meticulousness, while one of the greatest grammarians of his time, Ibn Maalik († 1274) as an expert consulted. On the copy of al - Yunīnī is the most famous print edition of the " Sahih ", the "at -tab ʿ a al- sultāniyya " الطبعة السلطانية / aṭ tab ʿ atu ʾ s- sulṭāniyya back from the year 1893-1894 (Cairo, Bulak ), the was reprinted from the thesaurus Islamicus Foundation in Liechtenstein in 2001 in a facsimile edition.
Effect story
Dissemination and appreciation
While the book is not a special prestige enjoyed in Bukhari contemporaries among the hadith collections, was soon recognized it in the Islamic East to be superior rank, and in the 10th century it was accompanied by the eponymous work by Muslim ibn al - Hajjaj to the top of the Sunni traditions found. The hadith collection quickly spread through the transcripts produced by the immediate disciples of al - Bukhari.
The recitation of the work was also attributed a healing effect. So, for example, called for a plague in Cairo in 1388 the Shafi'i top Kadi a group of men to al -Azhar mosque to recite the Sahih al -Bukhari and pray for deliverance. Two weeks later, a second reading of the work was organized in the Hakimi Mosque, and three days later, a third reading again at the Azhar Mosque.
In North Africa and al -Andalus 's work was only in the second half of the 10th century mention. In these areas it the " Sahih " of Muslim ibn al - Hajjaj was partly brought forward.
Comments
Al- Bukhari Sahih has been commented very often. Among the most comments are:
- I lām ʿ fī as- sunan Sharḥ Sahih al - Bukhari from Abu al - Sulaimān Chattābī (d. 998 )
- Al - Kawākib ad darārī fī Sharḥ Sahih al - Bukhari Muhammad Ibn Yoosuf al of - Kirmani (d. 1384 )
- Fatḥ al -Bari bi- Sharh Sahih al- Bukhari by Ibn Hajar al - ʿ Asqalani (d. 1449 )
- Umdat ʿ al - Qari Sharḥ Sahih al - Bukhari by Badr ad -Din Mahmud ibn Aḥmad al - ʿ Aini (d. 1451 )
- Iršād as Sari ila Sharḥ Sahih al - Bukhari from Ibn Aḥmad Muḥammad al - Qasṭallānī (d. 1517)
Criticism
Later generations also wrote critical works on the " Sahih ". They accused al -Bukhari, inter alia, to have legal, historical and philological writings of his predecessors randomly analyzed and applied indiscriminately; he was accused of even a kind of "Imitation disease" before: see ref Fuat Sezgin (1967). About a quarter of the " Sahih " lack the full Isnade; so that al -Bukhari proves - so Sezgin - " not as the tradition of scholars who, as alleged Leone Caetani ( Annali dell'Islam I, 15), the isnaad developed to perfection, but as the first, with whom he fell into decay. Saheeh " " the Arabic translation of the work of Fuat Sezgin, who received the prize for Islamic Studies of the King Faisal Foundation of Saudi Arabia in 1978 as the first, the above criticism includes " not while in the partial translation of the first volume it (Cairo 1971, p 307) has been taken into account.