Sano Tsunetami
Tsunetami Sano (Japanese佐野 常 民; born December 28, 1822 in Hayatsue, Saga -gun, province of Hizen (now Saga, Saga prefecture), † December 12, 1902 in Tokyo) was a Japanese politician and founder of the Japanese Red Cross Society (日本 赤 十字 社, Nippon Sekijūjisha ).
Life
Sano (now part of the city Saga ) born as the fifth son of lower rank samurai Shimomura Saburōzaemon in the village Hayatsue saga of the feud and adopted in 1831 by the physician Tsuneyoshi Sano. Three years later, he first attended the School of the domain. In 1837 he accompanied his father to Edo, where he studied under the renowned Koga Doan with Confucian studies. In 1839 he returned to Saga and received, inter alia, medical training. Even after his marriage in 1842 he continued his studies in 1846 with leading representatives of the Holland customer ' ( Rangaku ) such as the doctor Hirose Genkyō (広 瀬 元 恭, 1821-1870 ) in Kyoto and from 1848 Ogata Kōan in famous, Teki - school ' ( Tekijuku ) in Osaka, as well as the surgical pioneer Hanaoka Seishu in the province of Kii. In 1849 he moved to the Netherlands also nationally known scholars Itō Gemboku in Edo. Here he was also heavily influenced by Totsuka Seikai, who was once trained by Philipp Franz von Siebold. Sano opened in 1851 in Nagasaki own school, but by 1853 gave him the sovereign of Saga, Nabeshima Naomasa, a job.
Sano's feudal lord was one of those regional rulers who had developed a strong interest in Western science and technology. When the government in 1858, the Marine training center Nagasaki (长崎 海军 伝 习 所, Nagasaki kaigun denshūjo ) founded to build a modern fleet of the purchase and operation of Dutch ships, Sano counted together with 17 other companions of the feud saga to the first student generation. At his instigation, began in Saga, which was responsible for the safety of the waters around Nagasaki with the neighboring fief Fukuoka, taken with the construction of a steamboat, the 1865 Ryōfūmaru (凌风 丸, about as much as, wind - over hits ') in operation been.
1867, Sano to Europe, where he first heard at the World Exhibition in Paris by the International Red Cross. In the Netherlands, he gave an order for a warship designed as screw steamer Nisshin (日 进) and returned after he had industry, shipbuilding and the military of several countries inspected to Japan.
After the Meiji reform he was engaged in the construction of the Imperial Navy. In 1873 he was seconded to the World Exhibition in Vienna. As an interpreter acted Alexander von Siebold, the eldest son of the famous Japan researcher Philipp Franz von Siebold.
1875 Sano became a member of the Japanese State Council ( Genrōin ). 1877 brought the samurai of the Satsuma province against the new government ( Satsuma Rebellion ). Sano's notion also hurt opponents to provide assistance, pushed in government circles incomprehension and strong resistance. But when he turned directly to the Prince Arisugawa Taruhito, who led the imperial troops, this ensured that Sano and his colleagues in the Senate, Ogyū Yuzuru, in 1877 permission establishing the Philanthropic Society (博爱 社, Hakuaisha ) were given.
From 1880-81 Sano served as Minister of Finance, after which he took over the chairmanship of the State Council. In 1886 he founded the Philanthropic Hospital ( Hakuaisha byōin ) in Tokyo. 1887, the Philanthropic Society in Japanese Red Cross Society ( Nippon Sekijūjisha ) has been renamed. In September of that year, Sano arranged as its first president accession to the International Red Cross. 1894, the company in the Sino-Japanese War, and in 1900 on the occasion of the Boxer Rebellion was the first time working outside of the country.
1895 Sano was appointed in recognition of his services to the Count ( Hakushaku ). In 1902 he died at the age of 80 at his home in Tokyo. Shortly before, he had been awarded the Order of the Rising Sun (旭日 章, Kyokujitsushō ) first class.
Sano's first son Tsunemi (常 実, born 1859), who went to study in Jena in 1880, died there not long after his arrival. Another son, Admiral Sano Tsuneha (常 羽, 1871-1956 ), played an important role in the founding of the Japanese Scout Movement (ボーイスカウト 日本 連盟, Bōisukauto Nippon renmei ).