Sarod

The sarod (Persian سرود ) means song, songs, hymns, and is one of the most important instruments of North Indian classical music. According to The instrument was developed in the 1860s in Lucknow from the Afghan Rubab.

Etymology

The Persian word sarod is much older than the Indian musical instrument. It generally means " music " and the spelling variants surod and sorud in the folk music of Balochistan string sounds that are related to the Sarinda. The term can be traced back to Shahrud (SAH -Rud ), one developed in the 10th century stringed instrument. This includes the two components saw ( Shah ), "king" and Rud " string ", included in the meaning " king of the sounds ." In each version, the word has always been connected in some way with music.

Design

The back of the sarod is carved out of one piece. The material is used either Tun ( Indian Mahogany ) or teak. The body is covered with a goat skin. The fretless fingerboard is made of metal. Strung is the sarod with 25 strings made of metal. Three of these are rhythm strings, four of these are used as melody strings. The hand grip shortens this melody strings - unlike with most stringed instruments - with the help of the fingernail. The melody and rhythm strings are struck with a plectrum made of coconut shell ( jaba ). They are stretched over a thin web of horn. The remaining strings serve as sympathetic strings and run through a cutout in the web through it. The neck wears a polished steel plate as the fretboard. At the neck end, an additional resonance body is attached.

Play

For the teaching tradition of the Senia - Gharanas, music schools or styles that trace their origin to the important musician Mian Tansen in the 16th century, belonged next to the voice training teaching the long-necked lute vina and the shell -necked lute Rubab. The passing of the classical Dhrupad tradition was largely carried out within the respective families usually from father to son. Outsiders taught music teachers only in less severe khyal singing style and the sound instruments sitar, sarod and sursingar. Four sarod Gharanas be distinguished: the neat of Muslim families Shahjahanpur - Gharana, the Lucknow - Gharana and Gwalior Gharana and the foundation of Allauddin Khan, a Hindu musician Maihar Gharana -.

The most famous Sarod players of the 20th century was Ali Akbar Khan. He died in 2009 in San Francisco and in the tradition of the Maihar Gharana -. Others are: Amjad Ali Khan, Buddhadev Das Gupta, Jai Uttal, Hafiz Ali Khan, Partho Sarathy, Rajeev Taranath, Tejendra Majumdar, Aashish Khan, Ayaan Ali Khan, Amaan Ali Khan, Basant Kabra, Biswajeet Roy Chowdhury, Brij Narayan, Devjyoti Bose, Kalyan Mukherjee, Ken Zuckerman, Wajahat Khan, Zarin Daruwala, Ranajit Sengupta, Sharan Rani and Vikash Maharaj.