Scientist

Scientists ( in Germany ) or scientists ( standard language variant in Switzerland and Austria ) are persons who employ fulltime and systematically with science and its development. However, the vocational aspect is not a requirement - see private scholar, lecturer or research in areas such as astronomy or amateur speleology.

In general, scientists have completed higher education and working as researchers, often as a university teacher.

Just as one of science in several broad areas such as

• Natural sciences
• Humanities
• Engineering and Structural Sciences
• Social and Economic Sciences

Divided, the people involved in research can be assigned to analogous fields.

For the natural sciences, this includes: physicists, chemists, astronomer, geologist, geographer, biologist and physician / doctor. In most of these - and similar to the other - areas of knowledge, a subdivision in the areas of basic research, applied science or development are made.

The predominant activity of a scientist can therefore be:

• Scientific research in his field or in the transition region to neighboring disciplines
• Teaching as a university professor at a university
• Research as an assistant under the direction and guidance of a professor
• Applied Research and Development (R / E)
• Management and / or management of institutions for F / E and large projects.

The most important institutions in which scientists work are:

• Research universities (as Professor, Lecturer, Lecturer, Assistant Professor or Researcher )
• Academy of Sciences, federal agencies, large museums, libraries
• Industry ( departments for research and development ) and civil engineer.

Spelling

Scientists is more commonly used, especially in everyday speech and in the north of the German-speaking world, while scientists will be classified as a standard language variant in Austria and Switzerland and is preferred by science in Austria and Switzerland. The Duden leads to both spellings. Against the "l" is often performed since Karl Kraus in the meeting that many words with " error" had a pejorative connotation.