Scopula marginepunctata
Edge stain - free tensioner ( Scopula marginepunctata )
The edge stain - free tensioner ( Scopula marginepunctata ), also Grey Speckled Small clamp is a butterfly (moth ) from the family of the tensioner ( Geometridae ).
- 6.1 Notes and references
- 6.2 Literature
Features
The moths have a wingspan of Nominatunterart 22 to 25 millimeters, and occasionally females were observed with a wingspan up to 27 millimeters. The next generation is usually smaller and the males can weigh only about 18 mm wingspan. Color and wings drawing vary. The ground color is grayish white to light brown, the wings are dusted different very dark. In Ticino darkened forms occur, which were formerly referred to as a distinct subspecies Insubrica. The wings drawing is dark gray to dark brown, depending on the base color. Inner lateral line and median fillet are formed usually not very clear. The binding agent is relatively wide, if available, but often washed out. The inner transverse line is often reduced to a series of dots. Usually only the outer transverse line is clearly developed and almost always serrated very pronounced, the tips of the prongs to go Saumfeld are frequently highlighted even darker. At the front edge of the forewing, the cross lines when indicated often somewhat thickened. The front edge itself can be slightly darker than the base color. In Saumfeld four to five tooth-shaped, slurred spots are usually present, of which the two penultimate often are very characteristic close together. The intensity of the individual lines can cross each be slightly different on the front and rear wings. Saumflecke other hand, are usually present. Diskalflecke are both on the front and on the hind wings almost always present.
The egg is elongated flattened oval and above. It is initially light yellow, shortly before hatching of Eiraupen it turns blotchy red. The outside shows strong longitudinal ribs which intersect with somewhat weaker transverse ribs.
The caterpillar is relatively long and slender and will forward a bit thinner. The segments are significantly constricted. It is gray-yellow to gray- brown in color with a dark dorsal line. The back line is accompanied by black dots. The belly is a little darker, the stigmata dyed black.
Doll is light brown in color with greenish elytra. Head and rear end are held slightly darker. The segments are relatively deeply constricted, the cremaster is occupied relatively short and bristled.
Occurrence
Dissemination
The species is widespread in Europe from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Urals in the east. In the north, the range extends to the south coast of England, the southern Netherlands and the German Baltic coast. In parts of northern Germany, however, the type is missing. The species is detected in isolated deposits on Bornholm, Skåne and the southern Baltic. In the south, inhabited North Africa from Morocco in the west to Egypt. From there, the distribution extends further on the Middle East, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, northern Iran, Central Asia to Mongolia.
In North Africa, the Nominatunterart is however replaced by the subspecies Scopula marginepunctata argillacea. This is light brown with relatively weak wing drawing.
In northern Iran, Central Asia and Mongolia, the subspecies Scopula marginepunctata terrigena occurs, which is slightly larger than the Nominatunterart with 29 mm wingspan. Saumfeld and medium binding are colored wide and slightly dark brown.
Habitat
The species is xerothermophil, that is, she prefers dry and warm habitats. In Central Europe the species is found on sandy or stony or rocky ground. They inhabited open habitats such as rocky slopes, hedgerows, open vineyards, stone fences, calcareous grasslands and herb -covered slopes (eg, kurzrasige sheep pastures ). In Central Europe the species is found from the plains to the highlands up to about 800 m before. In the Alps, it rises to 1800 m, in southern Europe up to 2000 m and in Morocco and the Central Asian mountains to 2700 m.
In southern Europe, the species is found almost everywhere and also quite numerous.
Phenology and life
The edge stain - free tensioner is bivoltin, that is, it forms two generations a year. The moths fly from mid- May to late June and from late July to late September. Under favorable conditions probably still flying a third generation. The moths rest during the day on stones and vegetation. They are crepuscular and nocturnal, are attracted by artificial light sources and can also be baited. They suck nectar on various sedums (Sedum ).
The caterpillars are in August ( first generation) and June-July (second generation) to meet you .. feed polyphagous on various herbaceous plants. Detected as food crops are Gypsophila struthium, sand thyme (Thymus serpyllum ), mountain germander ( Teucrium montanum ), oregano (Origanum vulgare), ground ivy ( Glechoma hederacea ), Upright Betony ( Stachys recta ), mugwort Artemisia vulgaris, Common Yarrow Achillea millefolium, Common horseshoe vetch ( Hippocrepis comosa ), vetches (Vicia ), Crawling gypsophila ( Gypsophila repens ), chickweed ( Stellaria ), Plantain ( Plantago ), Labkräuter ( Galium ), meadowsweet ( Filipendula ulmaria ), Creeping cinquefoil ( Potentilla reptans ), smartweed ( Polygonum aviculare ), valerian (Valeriana ) and some sedum species, such as White Stonecrop (Sedum album), Large Stonecrop (Sedum telephium ) and the Rock Stonecrop (Sedum reflexum ). In breeding and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), meadow sage were (Salvia pratensis ), garden salad ( Lactuca sativa), Common chickweed ( Stellaria media ), meadows bedstraw ( Galium mollugo ), lady's bedstraw ( Galium verum), clover ( Trifolium ) and cranesbill (Geranium ) eaten.
System
The species was described in 1781 by Johann August Ephraim Goeze as Phalaena Geometra marginepunctata first time scientifically. Due to the variability in color and drawing still exist a whole set of synonyms
- Phalaena Geometra coniugata Borkhausen, 1794
- Phalaena aniculosata Rambur, 1829
- Acidalia promutata Guenée, 1858
- Acidalia apertaria Walker, 1863
- Acidalia pastoraria de Joannis, 1891
- Acidalia marginepunctata var madoniata Fuchs, 1901
- Acidalia marginepunctata var britonaria Oberthuer, 1917
- Acidalia marginepunctata var subatrata Wagner, 1919
- Acidalia marginepunctata f Insubrica Vorbrodt, 1930
- Scopula marginepunctata terrigena Prout, 1935
Currently, the species is subdivided into three subspecies: the Nominatunterart Scopula marginepunctata marginepunctata Goeze, Scopula marginepunctata terrigena Prout, 1935 (North Iran, Central Asia and Mongolia) and Scopula marginepunctata argillacea Reisser, 1933 ( North Africa, Morocco and Tunisia). The sooner they accept as subspecies Scopula marginepunctata Insubrica Vorbrodt, 1930 was reunited by Hausmann with the Nominatunterart.
Endangering
The species is regarded in Germany as not at risk. However, it is in North Rhine -Westphalia and Lower Saxony in the Red List of endangered species ( endangered ) in Category 2 and Thuringia in category 3 (endangered ) classified. In Saarland, she is considered lost.