Scopula ornata
Jewelry small tensioner ( Scopula ornata )
The jewelry small tensioner ( Scopula ornata ), also White Dost small clamps or simply called jewelry tensioner [Note 1], is a butterfly (moth ) from the family of the tensioner ( Geometridae ).
- 6.1 Notes and references
- 6.2 Literature
Features
The moths reach a wingspan of 20-26 mm ( 21-24 mm). The moths of the second generation are slightly smaller on average, and often only with 18 mm wingspan. The ground color of the wings is bright white. The inner transverse line is resolved into two to four spot. The middle shade is formed only indistinctly or missing entirely. The outer transverse line, however, is always formed on the front and rear wings, denticulate and bordered by two elongated, large light to dark brown spots in Tornus and between the radial line of the wings. The spots are often proximal margins dark brown or black brown and the outer transverse line in the area of the spots drawn darker. The areas of the outer transverse line between the two brown spots and costal and inner edges are usually darker than the base color drawn, usually in varying intensities of gray tones. On the forewing black elongated spots are often the places where meet inner transverse line means shadow and outer transverse line on the Kostal edge is formed. The Vordeflügelapex is held in the base color, but occasionally also in this area a slight brownish tint to see. The rest of the Saumfeldes has a gray wave line at the level of brown spots of the outer cross line is often slightly darker. The thin seam line is point-like emphasis on the wing veins. The fringes are whitish to pale gray, often spotted. The Diskalflecke missing usually on the fore wings, but are almost always formed on the hind wings. The outer edge of the hind wing is each bent slightly concave between the leaf veins M1 to M3. Contrast, clearly drawn copies are favored by cold damp conditions during the pupal stage, whereas high temperatures in dry conditions result in more whitish, less clearly drawn specimens.
The egg is rounded conical. The surface shows longitudinal ribs which intersect with weak transverse ribs.
The caterpillar is very slim, wrinkled skin. It is colored gray for the most part, the back brownish. It is a bright back line available. The 1st to 5th segment has ever on a v - shaped back patch or even just five points in a V shape on both sides of the back. The head is colored light gray.
The reddish dark brown doll measures 7.8 up to 9 mm in length and 2.5 to 3 mm in diameter. The cremaster is about as long as wide ( at the base). The rounded end is occupied by two long, slightly diverging, pointed bristles, as well as laterally with two thin, short, hook -like curved bristles.
Similar Species
The jewelry retail release is very similar to the type Scopula orientalis; a certain similarity also exists for sand thyme small tensioner ( Scopula decorata ). While the first kind is common only in Turkey and the southern Caucasus, Southern Russia and Ukraine, and in a regionally restricted area in the Balkans, the sand thyme Small clamper is also in Central Europe. In this type in Flügelapex gray spots are formed. In particular, the outer cross line drawn mostly contrast, random two brownish elongated spots are connected to each other. In contrast, these patches are missing on the hind wings. On the fore wings the Diskalflecke are clearly formed in the rule. The black oblong spots on the costal margin, where inner transverse line, medium shade and outer transverse line hit the costal margin, are more intensively trained and always present, while they are often drawn only weakly among the jewelery retail release, and also lack the spots of the inner transverse line and the middle shadow can.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The distribution area of the jewelry small tensioner extends from North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula in the west, by Western and Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Siberia to East Asia ( Russian Far East, northeastern China, Japan and Korea). In the north it extends to the Baltic and southern Fennoscandia. In England it is found only on the southern coast. The southern boundary of the distribution extends from the western North Africa (Morocco, Algeria to Tunisia) on Sicily, the Greek islands ( including Crete ), Asia Minor and Cyprus, the Caucasus and northern Iran. In Central Asia, the kind in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan has been demonstrated.
The species occurs in dry warm, open and non-cultivated habitats, on nutrient-poor, calcareous or siliceous soils with little vegetation, often on sunny slopes and hills. The nature rises in the Alps at about 1400 m, in the Southern Alps to over 1600 m. In North Africa, Asia Minor and Central Asia, the nature rises to 2000 m.
Way of life
The jewelry small tensioner is bivoltin in large areas, ie that two generations have been trained each year, flying the moth from the start until the beginning of July and the end of July to end of August, exceptionally, to mid-September. In climatically favorable regions such as the Mediterranean, but also as early as the Upper Rhine Plain climatically favored even three generations are formed. The moths appear here in April and fly until early October, in the Mediterranean area even into November. In the mountains and in the northern part of the range, however, only one generation is formed. Here the moths fly in June and July. The butterfly sit during the day mostly in the vegetation, but can be very easily startled. The main flight activity lies in the twilight; they then come to artificial light sources and are occasionally observed at the bait. The moths suck on the flowers of the ordinary (Echium vulgare), broadleaf thyme (Thymus pulegioides ), heather ( Calluna vulgaris), spotted orchid ( Dactylorhiza maculata ) and the ordinary foot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus ) and Buttercup ( Ranunculus ). In Turkey, the moths were observed on Anchusa azurea.
The caterpillars are oligophagous ( polyphagous? ) And feed mainly on broadleaf thyme (Thymus pulegioides ), sand thyme (Thymus serpyllum ), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and Round-leaved mint ( Mentha suaveolens ). Oviposition was also spotted blue speedwell ( Veronica serpyllifolia ), Yarrow (Achillea millefolium ), the ordinary wing broom ( Chamaespartium sagittal ) and observed at grasses, but none of the caterpillars have been found on these plants. In breeding, the caterpillars also left with Yarrow (Achillea millefolium ) and water mint ( Mentha aquatica ) hold. According to earlier studies, the caterpillars are also dandelion ( leontodon sp.), Sorrel ( Rumex sp.) And dandelion (Taraxacum sp.) Eat. The caterpillar overwinters sake grow and pupate in the spring of the following year in a loose weave between plant parts near the ground.
Systematics and Taxonomy
The taxon was described in 1763 by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli as Phalaena ornata first time scientifically. There are a number of synonyms. In the recent literature it appears uniform in combination Scopula ornata. The genus Scopula is divided by some authors into three subgenera. In this outline is ornata Scopoli to Nominatuntergattung Scopula ( Scopula ) provided. The species is currently divided into three subspecies:
- Ornata ornata Scopula Scopoli, 1763, in the largest part of the range
- Scopula ornata Enzela Prout, 1935, northern Iran, with a greatly reduced subscription
- Scopula ornata subornata Prout, 1913, Korea and Japan, clearly developed inner transverse line and middle shadows
Endangering
The jewelry retail release is available in some German states on the list of endangered species. You, he is in the city -state of Hamburg and also in Saxony as critically endangered (category 1). In the states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg -Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony, North Rhine -Westphalia and Saxony- Anhalt, the species is considered endangered ( category 3).