Silesian German
Spoken in
And Poland
- Indo-European languages Germanic languages German language ostmitteldeutsche dialects Silesian dialects
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Sli
The Silesian ( in dialect Schläsisch or Schläs'sch, zusammengestaucht also Schläsch ) is a dialect group of the East Middle German dialect spoken in Silesia and adjacent areas of northern Bohemia and northern Moravia. After the westward shift of Poland and the expulsion of most of the German inhabitants of Silesia, North Bohemia and North Moravia it is now only spoken by a minority in Upper Silesia and isolated in Lower Silesia, Upper Lusatia and the Diaspora.
- 3.1 Care of the dialect
- 3.2 dialect poetry
- 3.3 Known Silesian dialect poet
General, distribution and characteristics
Silesian dialects were spoken to 1945 of around seven million people. The former Prussian province of Silesia made this the center of a larger linguistic landscape.
The Silesian can be divided into the following groups and dialects split:
- Breslauisch ( Städterschlesisch )
- Brieg - Grottkauer dialect ( Brieg - Grottkauer -Silesia )
- Gebirgsschlesisch
- Glätzisch
- Herbs dialect ( Kräuterschlesisch )
- Neiderländisch
- North Bohemian (transitional dialect)
- Oberlausitzisch ( Ostlausitzisch )
- Upper Silesian
The dialects in Silesia are recorded and described in the Silesian dictionary.
The neiderländischen dialects were in the north of Lower Silesia to Grünberg ( Silesia), Glogau and Fraustadt common. Mountain Silesian dialects were spoken with the exception of the Lusatian Mountains and the Glatzer country in the entire Sudetes and in the northern foreland - this also counts nor on the Czech side of the mountain to Trautenau spoken Riesengebirgische and areas in northern Moravia and Moravia- Silesia. The herbs dialect is the transition between Gebirgsschlesischem and Neiderländischem and was in Breslau space spread in Wroclaw city itself is a similar dialect was spoken. Glätzisch was essentially limited to the area of the ancient county of Glatz and surrounded by mountains, Silesia, but also separated by the striking mountain ranges. Between Wroclaw and Opole, the distribution area of the dialect of Brieg - Grottkauer country extends. East of it was, spoken mainly in Upper Silesian urban enclaves such as Gliwice, Bytom, Chorzow, Guttentag, Pless, Bielsko and Katowice substantially.
The Lower Silesian language area was after the Second World War in the complete expulsion area. In the remaining with Germany remaining the Prussian province of Silesia the Lusatian Neisse (Görlitz and vicinity) to the west is indeed unchanged spoken German. Since this area until 1815 belonged to (parts of Upper Lusatia ) to the Prussian province of Silesia and was not part of the historical Silesia, have been or Lusatian dialects are spoken there. The Silesian and Lausitzische formed, similar to the Thuringian- Upper Saxony, a common dialect group within the East Middle German. In the extreme south of the Lausitz to Zittau Oberlausitzisch is spoken, which has similarities with the Silesian mountain. The dialects in the linguistic island Schönhengstgau on the Bohemian - Moravian border, separated only by a narrow Czech-speaking strip from the contiguous German-language area are also related to the mountain Silesia, but were influenced above all by the Bairische and consequently are already considered Upper German dialects. Furthermore, from Silesia was also confirmed by the high- Prussian in East Prussia.
Before the Second World War, said about 96 % of the residents of low-and medium Silesia ( Liegnitz and governmental districts Breslau) German dialects of Silesian. In 2002 there were still 10,000 speakers.
In Upper Silesia spoke before 1945 about two-thirds of the population, the Upper Silesian, the dialect of Brieg - Grottkauer country as well as the Silesian mountain. Since there is a part of the local population is not distributed, use according to the Polish census of 2002, about 200,000 people to the German dialect of Silesia.
In the lexicon of the Silesian dominates the Middle German substrate, similar to the southwest German dialect expressions notice ( Gusche - Gosch ). Another source is borrowing from the West Slavic or Polish.
German playwright who used the Silesian dialect in her pieces were Andreas Gryphius and Gerhart Hauptmann.
Typical Silesian words
Geographic terms and place names
Also, virtually all floor and place names that can be found on official maps, have a different counterpart in Silesian dialect. Here, especially the aforementioned sound shifts are used, however, various terms differ so much that they are almost completely incomprehensible to a non-locals.
Dialect - care and seal
Care of the dialect
Several local history societies, notably singing and theater clubs, dedicated to decades of care of the Silesian language and traditional folk art. Examples: Glatzer mountain club or working group " Archive for Silesian dialect ".
Lately strengthened books were again written in the vernacular, which include especially poems, sayings and anecdotes from the region. As examples: ( Gotthard Wend Rich - Still a bissel schläsisch, mustard seed Verlag, 2005 or Jingla, Jingla, primary circuit Mei jaw - 1st edition 2009, Publisher Jeschkowski ).
Dialect poetry
Since the late 19th century, the dialect was very well maintained and written poems, sayings and even dramas in this on both sides of the German - Czech border. Andreas Gryphius was the first Silesian dialect -author ( The beloved thorn Rose (1660 ), a romantic piece in Silesian dialect ).
Known Silesian dialect poet
- Andreas Gryphius (1616-1664) from Glogau
- Franz Schönig also " the kleene Schönig or Schienich " (1760-1828) from Mittelwalde
- Charles of Holtei (1798-1880) of Breslau
- Karl Heinrich Tschampel (1799-1849) from Dombrowka at Carlsruhe
- Robert Roessler (1838-1883) from Great Castle
- Max Heinzelmann (1833-1898) from Ossig (district Neumarkt )
- Ludwig Sittenfeld (1852-1910) from Legnica
- Max Waldenburg, actually Max Peschmann (1852-1911) of Waldenburg
- Hermann belly (1856-1924) from Heider village
- Marie Klerlein (1857-1934) from Falkenberg
- Emil Barber (1857-1917; representatives of Ostlausitzer dialect ) from Thieme near Görlitz
- John Reinelt (1858-1906), known as " Philo the Grove " from Kreuzendorf
- August Lights (1860-1925) from Naselwitz ( circle Nimptsch )
- Paul Petras (1860-1941) from Green Mountain
- Moritz Jursitzky (1861-1936) from Engelberg
- Hugo Kretschmer (1861-1915) of Breslau
- Franz Hoffmann- Aulen (1861 -? ) Marktleuthen from county ( Neumarkt )
- Gerhart Hauptmann (1862-1946) from Upper Salzbrunn
- Hermann Hoppe (1865-1921) from Hirschberg
- Marie Oberdieck (1867-1954) of Breslau
- Karl Kling (1867-1940) from Geseß at Patschkau
- Fritz Bertram (1871-1961) from Lauban (Polish Luban )
- Paul Keller (1873-1932) from Arnsdorf
- Robert Karger (1874-1946) from Hohn bei Habelschwerdt
- Joseph Wittig (1879-1949) from Neusorge b. drumstick
- Will- Erich Peuckert (1895-1969) from Töppendorf
- Ernst Grant (1896-1982) from Nimptsch
- John Renner ( 1901 -? ) From Frauenhain ( circle Ohlau )
- Gotthard Wend Rich ( 1922) from Braunau at Lowenberg