Sivash

The Sywasch or Sywaschsee (Ukrainian and Russian: Сиваш, Crimean Tatar: Sivas ) is a large-scale system shallow bays in the west of the Azov Sea, which separates the Crimea by the Ukrainian mainland. Because of its shallow depth, its high salt content and its high evaporation potential of Sivash is also Lazy Sea ( Гниле Море / Гнилое Море = Hnyle More / Gniljoe More) called. Part of the Sywasch part of the National Park Azov- Sywasch [Note 1] and, since November 1995, the central and eastern Sywasch an internationally important and worth protecting wetlands under the Ramsar Convention for the protection of wetlands.

Geography

The total water surface of 2560 km ² Sywasch is that the entire area with islands over 10,000 km ². The maximum east - west extent of the area is about 200 km, the maximum north - south distance up to 35 km. Islands and surrounding areas of Sywasch are flat, damp and marshy. To the east of the corridor of Tschongar separates the Sywasch in the eastern and western Sywasch. In Henitschesk the Sywasch is separated by the 112 km long Arabat - Spit from the Sea of ​​Azov. Noteworthy at tributaries of Salhyr ( Салгир ), the largest river in the Crimea peninsula.

The depth of the Sywasch is very low and amounts to a maximum of 3 m. The bottom of the lake is covered with an up to 10 m thick layer of silt and salt deposits. In summer, the shallow water heats up and produces odors, which justifies the popular name of the Sywasch as " lazy sea." In addition, fall in summer large areas dry and are thus non- adult to a kind of salt desert. The salinity in the remaining water sources continues to rise and there is a brine with a salt concentration of about 30% (natural saturation ) was formed. It is the color of pink brine, which is attributable to the part of the brine beta - carotene-containing microalgae Dunaliella salina.

Saline economy

The economic importance of Sywasch consists mainly in Saline economy of different minerals, which continue to be used among other things for therapeutic and medicinal purposes because of the high salt content and the dry climate. In the Sole of Sywaschsees are the chlorine compounds of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and magnesium bromide, magnesium sulfate and other salts. The total salt stocks of the lake is estimated to be 200 million tons.

History

In the history of Sywasch presented several times for invading the Crimea an insurmountable obstacle, so that fighting mostly concentrated on the western location Isthmus of Perekop. In the Russian Civil War, however, the Red Army in 1920, to advance to the Crimea on the corridor of Tschongar. During the Second World War, succeeded in November 1943 once again the Red Army troops to reach the Crimea on the Sywasch.

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