Sokoto Caliphate
Called The Sokoto Caliphate ( Soccatu, Sakatu ), also Empire of Sokoto or Fulani Empire, an Islamic state was the Fulani in the north of present-day Nigeria, which was founded in 1804 by Usman dan Fodio, comprised most of the Hausa country and was an area of 440,000 km ², one of the largest surface area in pre-colonial states on the African continent. It bordered north of the Sahara, east of Kanem -Bornu, west of Gando and south to the land of the Yoruba (now southern Nigeria ).
History
Usman dan Fodio, a Muslim Pullo (singular form of Fulbe ) from the Hausa state Gobir, proclaimed jihad against the rulers Gobirs who wanted to stop his missionary activity and sent him and his family into exile. In this Holy War, which lasted from 1804 to 1810, hit dan Fodio the army of the Hausa king with his followers, Fulani and Hausa converted to Islam. After he had explained after his victory for Sheikh, he threw the other principalities of the Hausa, Katsina, Zaria, Nupe and Birmin Kebbi. Kanem -Bornu, however, was able to resist the expansion. Usmans underling Modibo Adama founded Adamawa, a Fulbe emirate under suzerainty of Sokoto.
After the death of Usman dan Fodio the succession between his brother Abdullahi and his son Muhammad Bello was divided. Abdullahi was given the western provinces with Gwandu, Bello previously conquered eastern provinces with Sokoto as its capital. This allowed the chronicles of his predecessors, the Hausa kings, destroy. These chronicles almost presented the only written, written by Africans documents of African history dar. Bellos sister Nana Asma'u wrote numerous literary and historical works.
In 1903 Sokoto was defeated by the British under Frederick Lugard. The detached from Sokoto region of Konni was French West Africa slammed. Although the Sokoto Caliphate no longer exists, the present leaders of Islam are in Nigeria as a successor dan Fodio.