Solanum fallax
Solanum fallax is a species of the genus Solanum (Solanum ) in the nightshade family (Solanaceae ). It is native to Colombia and Ecuador. Their systematic assignment within the nightshade is controversial, it is either the section or the section pachyphylla Cyphomandropsis attributed.
- 5.1 Literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum fallax is a 3 to 5 m tall shrub or small tree. The stem is moderately hairy to tight, the coat consists of unbranched glandular and glandular trichomes not. The sympodial units consist of three leaves. The leaves are simple, their leaf blade is 6-37 cm long and 4-25 cm wide, which is one to two times as long as wide. They are ovate and leathery. Your top is sparsely hairy to moderate, the underside is densely hairy. At the base they are cut to deeply cordate, pointed forward. The leaf margin is entire. The petioles are 2-15 cm long and moderately hairy up close.
Flowers and inflorescences
The inflorescences are 5-20 cm long, usually forked or more branched. They contain 20 to 50 or more flowers. The inflorescence axes are moderately hairy, the inflorescence stem has a length of 2 to 8 cm, the rachis is 2-12 mm long. The flowers are at 10 to 20 mm long pedicles, which extend to the fruits at 15 to 30 mm and are about 2-9 mm apart. Directly above the base they are structured so that they leave at the fall of the inflorescence axes approximately 1-6 mm long scars.
The cup has inflated a radius of 2 to 3 mm and the tip. He is busy with 0.5 to 1 mm wide and 2 mm long, calyx lobes cut, which have pointed tips and are moderately hairy. The Crown measures 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter, is purple colored, star- shaped, coriaceous to almost leathery. The corolla tube is 1-2 mm long. The corolla lobes are 8 to 13 mm long at the base and 1.5 to 3 mm wide. Their shape is narrowly triangular and pointed forward; on the outside they are sparsely hairy, the inside is almost hairless. The anthers are 4-5 mm long, narrowly triangular, not fused together. They are colored yellow or purple and a little open over sideways pores. The ovary is covered with dense hair and wears a 7-9 mm long, 0.5 to 1 mm wide, cylindrical and sparsely hairy stylus with a cut scar.
Fruit and seeds
The fruits measure 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter, are truncated spherical and forward. They are densely hairy. The color of the ripe fruit is unknown, stone cells are not present. The seeds are angled, 4-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, hairy and whitish net-like structure at the edges.
Dissemination and locations
Solanum fallax is common in Colombia and western Ecuador. The species is found in forest areas dry savannah or bush planes and Jauneche rainforest. It grows at altitudes 20-1300 m. The species is conducted on the Red List of Threatened Species IUCN on the early warning ( ' near threatened ' ), a re-evaluation of the status is recommended.
System
The position of the species within the genus of the nightshade (Solanum ) is not finally resolved. In 1994 she was by Lynn Bohs provisionally in the genus Cyphomandra ( now run as section pachyphylla ) classified, 2001, she was of her, however, the section Cyphomandropsis assigned. The morphologically most similar species within the section Solanum is amotapense. However, molecular biological studies provide the style back closer to other species of section pachyphylla, as sister species is Solanum cajanumense out.
The problematic classification is due to the fact that the type has characteristics of both sections. For an assignment to the section Cyphomandropsis is the absence of an enlarged Staubbeutelkonnektivs, as well as the general structure of flowers and fruits, but also the tolerance to drought. The large, heart-shaped at the base incised leaves, the pedicels jointed above the base, leaving the distinct scars on the inflorescence axes and the hair of the fruit, however, speak of belonging to the section pachyphylla.
Botanical history and etymology
The species was first described in 1921 by Georg Bitter as Cyphomandra hypomalaca. The type specimen was collected in May 1886 in Gualea, Ecuador, the plant was at that time fruit but no flowers, so these are not shown in the original description. The type specimen was kept in the Herbarium of the Botanical Garden Berlin -Dahlem, which was destroyed in the Second World War. An isotype is in the herbarium of the Muséum national d' histoire naturelle in Paris.
When made in 1995 to transfer the genus Cyphomandra in the genus of the nightshade (Solanum ) could not be assigned the appropriate name Solanum hypomalacum actually, since he was awarded in 1944 by Conrad Vernon Morton for a different type. Lynn Bohs chose the name Solanum fallax. The epithet fallax (Latin for wrong) chose them because they kept the original classification in the genus Cyphomandra wrong.