Solar calendar

A solar calendar or solar calendar takes care of the running of the Earth around the Sun as the basis for the timing without taking into account the moon. Its base size is the solar year.

He usually has twelve months which refers to the zodiac and goes back to the ancient Egyptian calendar, which had twelve time periods of 30 days each. The term month is a relic of the older Lunar daily calendar, whose year of 12 lunar periods ( lunations ) is composed.

The advantage of a solar calendar through a lunar coin is that it correlates with the seasons. A shift in seasons is prevented by the solar calendar is strictly based on the measured between two points spring solar year.

Since a solar year is not a whole number of days is long, but includes about 365 ¼ days, a solar calendar can not have from year to year, the same number of days. These necessary corrections done by the insertion of leap days, the exact rules of the calendar calculations specific to the calendar are ( intercalation ).

A well regulated solar calendar is the Gregorian calendar, which has established itself as the official calendar used in almost all countries of the world. Of the alternatives to the Gregorian calendar considered one Calendar that can fail the leap day every 128 years, the length of the solar year at best. Johann Heinrich Mädler took this old knowledge in its 1865 calendar featured on again.

Even so-called fiscal calendars are usually solar calendar. Because in many parts of the Ottoman Empire was officially the Islamic lunar calendar in use, a fiscal calendar was developed with the aid of the annual tax was always collected at harvest time.

Historical solar calendar are the Iranian calendar, the Julian calendar, the Coptic calendar and the Mayan Calendar.