Sortition
The lottery is a process for the establishment of a decision randomly.
Generally speaking, the lottery is used where any other selection appears arbitrary or unfair.
It is applied for example in the allocation of study places, at the invitation of conscripts, in the allocation of scarce resources, in the definition of games and starting positions in sport.
- 2.1 Residence permits
- 2.2 places
- 4.1 See also
- 4.2 Old Testament
- 4.3 Ancient Greece
- 4.4 Roman Empire
- 4.5 Italian republics
- 4.6 German Empire
- 4.7 Switzerland
- 4.8 Bean King
- 4.9 Today's reform efforts
Allocation of goods
Distribution of land
In the 47th chapter of the Old Testament book of Ezekiel in addition to the concepts of justice is also derived from the statutes of Moses ideas on the promise of the land:
"This country shall distribute it in accordance with the tribes of Israel among you. Ye shall have it for an inheritance among you are giving away and the strangers who dwell among you and have begotten children among you. To you it shall apply as begotten children of Israel; with you among the tribes of Israel they shall receive their inheritance by lot. In the tribe in which the stranger dwells, there you shall give him his inheritance, saith the Lord God. "
The " stranger " is here called the sojourner meant a non-Jewish inhabitants, located in the territory of Israeli tribes. The lottery is intended to ensure that no one is advantaged or disadvantaged.
In ancient Greece, a Kleruch was a settler, who was in a lottery, a piece of land that had been conquered in war by the state.
Tacitus mentioned that the field mark was divided among the peasants by lottery. In the High Middle Ages, many cooperatives Mark fell under the pressure of the neighboring noble lords; most have been resolved over time and former members got into manorial dependence. A counter- strategy of Mark comrades was the election of a powerful prince or Count from the environment to the screen Vogt. Today in Germany there is the free Mountian osing that still applies as the only common land in Europe a lottery for distribution among the rights holders.
Distribution of resources
During transport in Mannheim 46 motor coaches were transferred to Ludwigshafen in the 1960s as part of the division of farms in the lottery.
Distribution of goods
Cheese raffle
When held annually in the Swiss Käseteilet Justistal the cheeses produced in the summer will be distributed through a special lottery to livestock owners that they can then resell. The cheeses are fetched from the storage houses and piled per lot. 1 lot has 4 hems for each 400 pounds of milk. 1 lot also corresponds to 140 to 150 pounds of cheese, which is about 6-7 loaves at approx 23 pounds. If a cow during the entire period except delivers 3000 pounds of milk, the owners are in the Chästeilet to 7.5 hems cheese, so 1 lot plus 3.5 hems.
Baulos
Contract section as is known in the construction of a building, the sub-division into a plurality of sections. The name is derived from the originally used in the construction process, carried out with the various bidders, the distribution of sections through a raffle.
Tickets
In the 2006 World Cup, the demand exceeded after 48 hours, the sales phase supply. Everyone could each receive up to four tickets through a ticket for seven games. There was no working in a chronological order. After a TÜV-tested procedures and under supervision of a notary, the first order phase was raffled.
Utada Hikaru In tour of Japan in 2006, the cards were distributed initially due to the large demand by drawing lots.
Frequently uses the lottery in the conditions for participation in competitions, so the winner from the group of all participants is drawn in completely equal opportunities.
Allocation of privileges
Residence permits
Liechtenstein's membership in the European Economic Area saw in principle, the full freedom of movement. However, because it was foreseeable that many EU citizens would take up residence in low-tax principality, a special agreement was reached, according to which Liechtenstein annually awards 64 new residence permits, including 56 at professionals and eight to non professionals. Of the former half is awarded at the insistence of the European Union in a lottery " to the needs of the economy", the other half and the grants for non- professionals by little transparent criteria.
Study places
The German Foundation for Higher Education Admission distributed the university places among the candidates with section 1.9, for example, high school and 3 semesters of waiting by drawing lots. In the waiting semesters is first sorted by waiting semester, downstream on the note, finally, after Loswert. The candidate with 10 waiting semesters and a grade point average of 3.3 lot decided on the distribution of the remaining places. Waiting time, service: If two candidates have the same average grade, the following subordinated criteria in the order given. If both applicants exactly the same criteria decided by lot.
Public institutions
According to the municipal regulations of the countries all residents of the community are generally entitled to use of the community public facilities. Limitations may result from the dedication of purpose or the terms of use. If the demand exceeds the capacity of the institution must, according to the principle of equality be the selection procedure according to objective criteria. Are permitted, for example, the so-called " Greyhound " principle ( principle of priority take precedence over the one that came first ), the principle of rotation or the lottery.