Stanislav Zhukovsky
Stanisław Julianowitsch Żukowski (Russian Станислав Юлианович Жуковский; born May 13, 1873 in Jendrichowitschi (Polish Jędrychowice; Ендриховичи Russian ), Russian Empire; † August 1944 in Pruszków ) was a Polish Impressionist and member of the Russian Artists' Association I Iskusstwa.
Life
Żukowskis mother Mary was descended from the noble family Warsaw Wierzbicki. Father's side he was descended from a formerly wealthy noble Polish family who had participated in the January Uprising in 1863 and expropriated due to the following sanctions and their noble rights was dismissed. He was in Jendrichowitschi, about 5 km west of Roś born on the eponymous river, 15 km north- west of the city Vaǔkavysk in the former province of Grodno, today Belarusian oblast Hrodsenskaja Woblasz as the youngest of three children. The mother taught the children in foreign languages, music and encouraged her to draw. From autumn 1880 Żukowski attended high school in Warsaw, after which he was sent for further training at the university to Białystok. There, discovered one of his teachers, a graduate of Stroganov Art School in Moscow, the boy's artistic talent.
After his mother's death, Żukowski wrote in 1892 without the knowledge of his father, who refused an artistic education of his son as a Pole in Russia, at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture and also took lessons with Isaac Ilyich Levitan. Among his teachers were, among others, Nikolai Alexeyevich Kassatkin, Konstantin Savitsky Apollonowitsch, Abram Efimovich Arkhipov and Leonid Pasternak Ossipowitsch. Decisive influence on the formation of Żukowski as Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov artist had, although it was not his teacher, whose studio he often visited but in his spare time.
In the 1890s to 1900s, he traveled to study central Russia, the Crimea, 1900-1901 Ukraine and Poland, 1895, 1901 and 1916, the province of Grodno, 1903 Yalta. He spent the summer months in the Moscow suburbs, in Tver and Orel. For this he received from 1 January to early March 1895 a scholarship " for free accommodations in all cities in the region of the Russian Empire ( with permission to draw sketches from nature ) ", as well as for the period from March 6 to September 1 1895 with a further extension of the deadline to August 23, 1896 which he spent among others in the Grodno region. In exhibitions of his school, he won in 1896 and 1897 a small silver medal, and 1901 for the painting " Moonlit Night" a large silver medal, with permission to exercise a position as a teacher in the public service. In addition, the " moon " was recorded in the Tretyakov Gallery. In 1897, the marriage to Alexandra Ignatieff ( Аляксандрай Ігнацьевай ), a friend from university days, with whom he remained on friendly terms even after their separation later dropped.
From 1895 Żukowski the group I took Iskusstva often in exhibitions of the Moscow Society of Art 's friends in part ( until 1901 ) ( 1902-1903 ) and " Union of Russian Artists " ( " The Art World "). One of the first buyers of his paintings was the art collector Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov. Żukowski was a celebrated, Impressionism connected landscape painter, as the title of an academician, he was awarded in 1907 and opened his own art studio in Moscow, where he taught many artists until 1917 and promoted, such as the painter Lyubov Sergejewna Popova and the young Vladimir Mayakovsky. Regularly, he was awarded for his paintings, so in 1909 for the painting shown at the International Art Exhibition in Munich " autumn evening " with the second prize. In 1912, he traveled through Europe, visited Switzerland, Germany, France and Italy. In 1916 he married again, his student Sophia ( Sosja ) Pavlovna Kwasnezkaja ( Софя ( Зося ) Паўлаўна Кваснецкая ).
Living room corner
After the October Revolution Żukowski tried to organize his life anew, worked in the Moscow Commission for the protection of works of art and antiques and was a member of the Quorum of the artist at the State Tretyakov Gallery. From 1919 to 1921 he lived in Kirov, worked as an art designer and director with the local theater, organized in 1920 a solo exhibitions, in 1921 returned back to Moscow. As a painter Żukowski devoted himself to continue the landscape painting and the interior of old estates. His preference for lush motives made him suspect in the time of Bolshevism.
When he realized that his lyrical landscape motifs, mansions and parks not the taste of the " victorious proletariat " corresponded, he was no longer allowed to participate in exhibitions and this art direction was increasingly criticized in the Soviet press, he left in 1923, the Soviet Union, lived in Warsaw and Cracow, but kept still for a while Soviet citizenship. He worked very productive, taught young artists who took part in exhibitions. 1924 to 1925 his works were shown at a traveling exhibition in the United States and Canada, 1929 in Copenhagen. From 1925 to 1939 he participated in exhibitions of the Warsaw Society in part to promote the Fine Arts and himself had eight solo exhibitions: 1925 in the Galerie Charpentier, 1929 in Kharkiv, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1937 and 1939 in Warsaw. For his paintings, he has been honored with prestigious awards and prizes and praised in the press as an acknowledged master of landscape painting. He painted landscapes in Polesia Belovezhskaya Pushcha, interiors of palaces and country estates. Landscape pictures in the changing of the seasons are interiors and views of windows that reveal both a part of the interior and the landscape outside, recurring themes.
During the occupation of Poland in World War II Żukowski remained in Warsaw. By the Nazis, he was interned after the Warsaw Uprising with other residents of Warsaw in the transit camp at 121 Pruszków, where he died in August 1944 and was buried in a mass grave.
Retrospectives of Żukowskis work were shown in 1971 in Moscow, 1973 in Leningrad, 1973-1974 and 1995 in Minsk, in 1989 in Kiev, in 1989 in Mogilev and Polotsk. His paintings are in many private collections and museums, including the State Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Museum of Russian Art in Kiev, the National Art Museum of Belarus in Minsk, the National Museum Warsaw, National Gallery, Krakow and many others.