State Council (Russian Empire)

The Council of State (Russian Государственный совет / Gossudarstwenny sowet; German and Imperial Council ) was in the Russian Empire from 1810 to 1906, the highest law advisory body, from 1906 to 1917 as the upper house of parliament Legislature.

• 2.1 1810-1906
• 2.2 1906-1917

History

Predecessor of the State Council of the Russian Empire was the 30 Märzjul. / April 11 1801greg. created " Unconditional Council " (Russian Nepremenny sowet ), which was unofficially also referred to as the State Council.

From 1810 to 1906

The Council of State was a manifesto of the Tsar Alexander I of 1 Januarjul. / January 13 1810greg. convened. Its creation was one of the elements of the elaborated by Mikhail Speranski plan for the transformation of the Russian political system.

The members of the State Council were appointed by the Tsar. Although any persons to become members of the State Council, the absolute majority was always provided by nobles, usually for life. The number of members grew from 35 in 1810, 60 in 1890 to 90 at the beginning of the 20th century.

Ministers were automatically members of the State Council. The chairman and his deputy were annually determined by the Tsar; when the Tsar was present at meetings of the State Council, he took over the presidency automatically for the duration. From 1812 to 1865 the chairman of the State Council was also Chairman of the Council of Ministers ( Komitet ministrow ). During the existence of the State Council and its predecessor from 1801 to 1906, the State Council had 548 different members.

From 1906 to 1917

Following the events of the Revolution of 1905, the State Council was manifesto of Tsar Nicholas II of 7 Februarjul. / February 20 1906greg. and the revision of the Basic Law of 10 Apriljul. / April 23 1906greg. converted into the supreme legislative body of the Empire. He presented henceforth is the upper chamber of the newly created parliament; lower chamber was the State Duma.

Half of the members of the State Council has also been appointed by the tsar, the other half was chosen according to five categories: six members of the Russian Orthodox Church, 18 of Adel companies, one member of the zemstvo assemblies of the provinces, six of the Academy of Sciences and universities, and 12 of Stock Exchange Committee and trade offices; also two representatives were appointed by the Parliament of the Grand Duchy of Finland. The number of elected members of Council of State was revised annually as of January 1. The number of members appointed by the Tsar could not exceed this and was initially 98, 196 so that the total number

The Semstwovertreter in the State Council were elected for three years, and all other elected members for nine years, with one third of the members of each category has been replaced by the principle of rotation after three years. Could be chosen at least 40 years old people with right to vote for the State Duma and at least intermediate level of education, while no foreign nationals. Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the State Council were further determined by the Tsar of the appointed members.

During the February Revolution Nicholas II gave on 25 Februarjul. / March 10 1917greg. a decree concerning the interruption of activity out of the State Council, which was to be resumed no later than April. To this end, it did not come. In May 1917, the Provisional Government abolished the position of an appointed Council of State Member; after the October Revolution, the State was finally resolved in December 1917 by decree of the Council of People's Commissars.

Chairman of the State Council

1810-1906

1906-1917

Venue

Since 1810, the State Council met in a hall on the ground floor of the St. Petersburg Winter Palace. After the failed assassination attempt on the Tsar Alexander II on 5 Februarjul. / February 17 1880greg. has been proposed for security reasons, to move the venue of the State Council in another building. From 1885 until the dissolution of the State Council in 1917 served the State Council of the Mariinsky Palace ( Mariinsky Palace ) at St. Petersburg's St. Isaac's Square opposite St. Isaac's Cathedral. During a reorganization in connection with the extension of the State Council between 1906 and the 15th Oktoberjul. / October 28 1908greg. was used a room in the building of the St. Petersburg Nobility Assembly.

Swell

• Product State in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE ), 3rd Edition 1969-1978 (Russian)
• State Council in Brockhaus and Efron (Russian)