Stephen D. Krasner

Stephen David Krasner (* February 15, 1942 in New York City ) is an American political scientist and former head of policy planning at the State Department of the United States. Currently resting his activities as deputy director and senior fellow of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI ), his role as director of the Stanford University Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law ( CDDRL ) and his Graham H. Stuart Professor of International Relations at Stanford University.

Life

Krasner lived until the beginning of his studies in New York. His father died when Krasner was ten years old. His mother worked as a secretary. After his high school graduation Krasner went to Cornell University to Ithaca, where he made his 1963 Bachelor in historical sciences with a focus on European history.

He then volunteered for the Peace Corps and went for 1963-1965 to Nigeria to teach in Secondary School I and II. After his return to the United States Krasner made ​​in 1967 with a Masters in International Relations at Columbia University in New York. During his time at Columbia University, he worked to further education in the U.S. tax authorities.

From 1971 to 1975, Krasner assistant professor at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he received his doctorate in 1972. He wrote his dissertation on the International coffee trade. Krasner now went to the University of California, Los Angeles, where he worked from 1976 to 1981 and was appointed associate professor. In 1981, Krasner as a full professor at Stanford University in California. He was from 1984 to 1991 director of the political science department. He also served from 1986 to 1992 editor of the political science journal International Organization.

Stanford awarded him a Graham H. Stuart Professor of International Relations, and he was appointed vice-director of the Stanford Institute for International Studies ( SIIS ) appointed.

2001 and 2002, Krasner was a member of the Department Policy Planning in the U.S. State Department. After that, he worked with Condoleezza Rice on the National Security of the United States, where he was, among other things involved in the drafting of the Millennium Challenge Account, a development assistance funds. 2005 appointed Secretary of State Rice Krasner appointed Head of the Policy Planning (Director of Policy Planning) in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. That he took until 2007 for a consultative role of the Secretary of State in Washington, DC one. During this period, Krasner rested activities at Stanford University.

Memberships

Focus and Theory

The research area of Stephen D.Krasner are International Relations, with a focus on structural reforms and loss of sovereignty.

Sovereignity.Organized Hypocrisy

In one of his major works, Sovereignity.Organized Hypocrisy, Stephen D. Kasner describes in 1999 tendential effects of globalization on state sovereignty.

Krasner describes in his work four modern sovereignty ideas that in some cases be exclude, but also overlap and mutually dependent. Thus he distinguishes between national sovereignty, Interdependenzsouveränität, the international legal sovereignty and international legal (legal) sovereignty. Krasner defines the terms as follows:

  • National sovereignty is the formal organization within a country through whose authority.
  • Interdependence sovereignty is that degree of public regulation that affects sämtliches transnational behavior. (for example, in terms of capital or information )
  • International law, sovereignty is a political organization, which is based on the exclusion of external actors to protect their own national structures.
  • International legal sovereignty is the mutual recognition of States or a non-interference at the international level.

The focus of the analysis is Krasner on the international legal sovereignty and international law sovereignty. From this example, it shows how these separate forms fit into the international system. At this point he speaks of " organized hypocrisy " because the international law of sovereignty, the international legal sovereignty does not tolerate principle. ( For example, military intervention )

Krasner concludes that the international system is no form of organization, supported by neither institutions nor by states, can be maintained or permanent Reliability offers.

New forms of sovereignty

Krasner's analysis approaches pursued two schools of international relations.

For one, he leads the deficient international organization on a basic security needs of States back to protect their sovereignty, on the other hand it takes into account a variety of international actors. So he begins by referring to some extent on the theory of realism in terms of safety and the theory of idealism or liberalism with regard to the different political actors.

Furthermore, however, he sees pure nation-states as a discontinued model, which can not be continued in the age of globalization in the traditional form. He calls the European Union as an example, in which the States will remain in place as such, but to cede in the form of a Regional Integration Agreement diverse parts of their sovereignty to supranational institutions. This release of sovereignty, however, does not take place by force of an external power, but is a standard specified by the European states process.

Bibliography

  • Stephen D. Krasner: Defending the National Interest. Raw Materials Investment and American Foreign Policy. Princeton University Press, Princeton (New Jersey) 1978, ISBN 0-691-02182-1
  • Stephen D. Krasner (ed. ): International regime. Cornell University Press, Ithaca ( NY) 1983, ISBN 0-8014-9250-5
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Structural Conflict. The Third World Against Global Liberalism. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1985, ISBN 0-520-05478-4
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Asymmetries in Japanese - American Trade. The Case for Specific Reciprocity. Berkeley, 1987, ISBN 0-87725-532-6
  • Stephen D. Krasner / Peter J. Katzenstein / Robert O. Keohane (ed.): International Organization. Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics. MIT Press, Cambridge (MA) 1999, ISBN 0-262-11242-6
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Sovereignty. Organized Hypocrisy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1999, ISBN 0 - 691-00711 -X
  • Stephen D. Krasner (ed.): Problematic Sovereignty. Contested Rules and Political Possibilities. Columbia University Press, New York City 2000, ISBN 0-231-12179-2

Other Publications

  • Stephen D. Krasner: Rethinking the Sovereign State Model. In: David Armstrong / Theo Farrell / Bice Maiguashca (ed.) Review of International Studies. Band 27, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001, page 17-42, ISSN 0260-2105
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Globalization, Power and Authority. In: Edward D. Mansfield / Richard Sisson (eds.): The Evolution Of Political Knowledge. Democracy, Autonomy, And Conflict In Comparative And International Politics. Ohio State University Press, Columbus 2003, ISBN 0-8142-9025-6
  • Stephen D. Krasner / J. Goldsmith: Pitfalls of International Idealism, The. In: James Miller ( ed.): Daedalus. MIT Press, Cambridge (MA) 2003, ISSN 0011-5266
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Sharing Sovereignty: New Institutions for Collapsed and Failing States. In: Steven E. Miller ( eds.): International Security. The MIT Press, Cambridge (MA) 2004, ISSN 0162-2889
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Governance Failures and Alternatives to Sovereignty. 2004 PDF
History of Europe Cambridge (Massachusetts) United States National Security Council Millennium Challenge Corporation United States Institute of Peace American Academy of Arts and Sciences Council on Foreign Relations American Political Science Association Capital (economics) Nation state Supranational union Integrated Authority File
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