Sterculia

Sterculia foetida, leaves

Stinkbäume ( Sterculia ) are a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Stinkbaumgewächse ( Sterculioideae ) within the family (Malvaceae ). It is distributed with about 100 to 200 species in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. The greatest diversity of species there are in tropical Asia. In China, 26 species have been recorded, 14 of which only there.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Sterculia species grow as deciduous, mostly large trees or shrubs. Leaves and flowers often have a strong odor. The change-constant leaves are simple, lobed or divided palmate. The leaf margins are smooth or serrated. There are usually short-lived Stipules present.

Inflorescences and flowers

There shall be lateral or terminal, usually Rispige or rarely racemose inflorescences. There are often hermaphroditic and / or unisexual flowers on a copy ( monoecious or Andromonözie ). Most flowers are radial symmetry fünfzählig. The five sepals are fused Roehrig or bell-shaped. Petals absent. Stamens ( 0) 10 to 30 exists. (Three to) four to five carpels are fused into a superior ovaries, they are free in the fruits. The carpel are two to many ovules available. The stamens are fused Roehrig and, with the gynoecium together a Androgynophor. In the female flowers the Androgynophor is very short and staminodes are located in a ring around the base of the carpels. In the male flowers the stamen tube encloses the rudimentary carpels. The style ends with the same number (sometimes shield-shaped ) leaves scars like fruit.

Fruit and seeds

In groups the most leathery or rarely woody, eye-catching follicles stand together asteroid, which open at maturity and contain one to many seeds. The elongated seeds are brown or black velvety and usually contain endosperm.

Use

• Partial lumber
• Karaya ( Sterculia gum )

System

The first publication was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, S. 1007. Sterculia foetida L. As lectotype in 1929 has been set. Synonyms for Sterculia L. are: Ivira Aubl, Mateatia Vell, Triphaca Lour, Xylosterculia Kosterm .. The Sterculia is now one of twelve genera in the subfamily of Stinkbaumgewächse ( Sterculioideae ) within the family (Malvaceae ). .. .

There are about 100 to 200 species of Sterculia (selection):

• Sterculia abbreviata E.L.Taylor ex Mondragón
• Sterculia africana ( Lour. ) Fiori
• Sterculia allenii E.L.Taylor
• Sterculia amazonica E.L.Taylor ex Mondragón
• Sterculia apeibophylla Ducke
• Sterculia apetala ( Jacq. ) H.Karst.
• Sterculia brevissima H.H.Hsue
• Sterculia caribaea R.Br.
• Sterculia ceramica R.Br.
• Sterculia cinnamomifolia Tsai & Mao
• Sterculia colombiana Sprague
• Sterculia corrugata Little
• Sterculia costaricana Pittier
• Sterculia dawei Sprague
• Sterculia euosma W.W.Sm.
• Sterculia excelsa Mart.
• Sterculia foetida L.
• Sterculia frondosa Rich.
• Sterculia gengmaensis H.H.Hsue
• Sterculia guangxiensis S.J.Xu & P.T.Li
• Sterculia guapayensis Cuatrec.
• Sterculia guttata Roxb.
• Sterculia hainanensis Merr. Chun &
• Sterculia hamiltonii ( Kuntze ) Adelb.
• Sterculia henryi Hemsl.
• Sterculia hymenocalyx K.Schum.
• Sterculia impressinervis H.H.Hsue
• Sterculia kayae P.E.Berry
• Sterculia khasiana Debb.
• Sterculia kingtungensis H.H.Hsue
• Sterculia lanceifolia Roxb.
• Sterculia lanceolata Cav.
• Sterculia macrophylla Vent.
• Sterculia mexicana R.Br.
• Sterculia micrantha Chun & H.H.Hsue
• Sterculia mirabilis ( A.Chev. ) Roberty
• Sterculia monosperma Vent.
• Sterculia nobilis Sm
• Sterculia oblonga mast.
• Sterculia peruviana ( DRSimpson ) ELTaylor ex Brako & Zarucchi
• Sterculia PEXa Pierre
• Sterculia pinbienensis Tsai & Mao
• Sterculia principis Gagnep.
• Sterculia pruriens ( Aubl. ) K.Schum.
• Sterculia purpurea Exell
• Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.
• Sterculia quinqueloba ( Garcke ) K.Schum.
• Sterculia rhinopetala K.Schum.
• Sterculia roxburghiana Wall.
• Sterculia rugosa R.Br.
• Sterculia scandens Hemsl.
• Sterculia setigera Delile
• Sterculia simaoensis Y.Y. Qian
• Sterculia spangleri R.Br.
• Sterculia speciosa K.Schum.
• Sterculia steyermarkii E.L.Taylor ex Mondragón
• Sterculia stipulifera Ducke
• Sterculia striata A.St. - Hil. & Naudin
• Sterculia subnobilis H.H.Hsue
• Sterculia subracemosa Chun & H.H.Hsue
• Sterculia subviolacea K.Schum.
• Sterculia tavia Baill.
• Sterculia tessmannii Mildbr.
• Sterculia tonkinensis Aug. DC.
• Sterculia tragacanth Lindl.
• Sterculia urens Roxb.
• Sterculia venezuelensis Pittier
• Sterculia villifera Steud.
• Sterculia villosa Roxb. ex Sm
• Sterculia xolocotzii T.Wendt & E.L.Taylor
• Sterculia yuanjiangensis H.H.Hsue & S.J.Xu

Pictures

Open follicles and seeds of Sterculia balanghas

Open follicles and seeds of Sterculia roxburghiana

Swell

• Sultanul Abedin & Abdul Ghafoor: Sterculiaceae in the Flora of Pakistan: Sterculia - Online. ( Description section )