Stiefografie

The Stiefografie, also Stiefo and Efficient called stenography, is a Stenografiesystem, which was from the press and parliamentary stenographers Helmut Stief (1906-1977) from Frankfurt developed by rational considerations in eight years legwork. Stepfather himself wrote 480 syllables per minute, which at that time meant the world peak performance. The Stiefografie was first published in 1966 and taught since then until today. It's loud step in a quarter of the time to learn, which would otherwise be necessary for the learning of German Unity shorthand, as the Stiefografie ( no exceptions ) and landmarks as well as in the base font has far fewer characters, rules no shortcuts for frequent syllables and words.

Mitlautdarstellung

The " Rational shorthand " has only 24 characters for consonants and consonant combinations ( German unit shorthand 56 characters, Stolze- Schrey 44 characters).

In the development of syllables were counted to determine the frequency of each consonant at the beginning, middle and end of the word, as well as individual words, according to the inventor, about one million. Stepfather made ​​the count, without knowing the frequency statistics of Friedrich Wilhelm Kaeding. In retrospect, it turned out that Stiefs counts, the frequency counts were made about 50 years after Kaedings, with those of Kaeding almost coincided. According to these investigations, the easiest to write and thus schreibflüchtigsten characters have been assigned the most common consonants. For example, the consonant d is in the German language is the most common consonant at the beginning of a word; than 80 percent of d are in word-initial. So step pointed to the d very easy character to write, which is used in the unit shorthand for the prefix "ver".

The consonant v does not have a sign, but is displayed depending on the pronunciation as either f or w. Also for c and y have no special characters. They are also represented phonetically, namely as k or z for c and as i, j or above for y. The extremely rare consonants x and qu not own any characters are also assigned up to and including Advanced level 1. They are represented by the letters of ks and kw. Own Mitlautfolgezeichen there for ch, cht, nd = nt, ng = nk, pf, sch, sp and st. They may not be used in the connection of prefixes with the root word and word combinations. In consonant clusters, for which no separate sign is provided, the consonants to distinguish the vowel representation for e are very closely joined together. The inaudible toneless strain h such as h in the word " deer " also does not apply if it is at the end of a root word. Ck is the k and tz is represented by z. The Mitlautverdopplung omitted in contrast to German Unity shorthand and Stolze- Schrey system, where l, r, and s ( Stolze- Schrey even more consonants ) are shown doubled in the Stiefografie completely. In confusion of certain words Doppelmitlaute be indicated by a horizontal line above the consonant. In this way, when necessary also v, nk and nt of f, w, ng and nd are distinguished. All have consonants and Mitlautfolgezeichen only two character sizes ( German unit shorthand five character sizes ) and are no more than a step size ( letter size, for example, m or r in longhand ). Lower and upper lengths omitted entirely. Full length, so three-level characters are ( see there ) for their own shortcuts from the personal vocabulary of each user only to be found in the structure of font I; two-stage characters appear first in the build script II data sheet.

According to self- representation

The vowels are indicated on the following consonants through narrow and wide connection as well as secondary, higher or lower position of the following Mitlautes. The Stiefografie comes with only eight vowel representations from ( German unit shorthand and Stolze- Schrey of eleven ). Reinforcements by pressure as in many other systems are in shorthand system of Helmut Stief no, because these - are cumbersome and write locking for most writers - especially in the use of the pen. To compensate for this lack of Symbolisierungsmöglichkeiten, the symbols for ä, ü and au by e, u and i are replaced. Consequently, point e and ä ( close connection ), u and au ( long link) on i and u ( close links and halbstufige subscript ) and eu and AEU ( wide connection and ganzstufige high position) each equal representation. In confusion then ä, ü and au of e, i and u distinguished by a set point under be. Other vowel symbols: a is represented by close liaison and halbstufige high position o through wide connection and halbstufige subscript, ö through close liaison and single-stage high position and egg through wide connection and halbstufige high position. When two vowels follow each other immediately, the first by a so-called vowel signs (shape corresponds halbstufigem w in the German unit shorthand ) is presented. If a vowel in word-initial, word picture begins in the baseline. At the end of a word, the vowels are each literally written as a separate character in a premium and flat bars of various lengths.

Classification of the system

The " Rational Shorthand " is in the basic font, font divides the structure I and structure II font.

Base font

The base font is designed as a note writing and should enable a doubling to tripling of write speed. She has no shortcuts, that is not their own short character for the most common words of the German language. This absence is to be compared to other shorthand systems, offset by the graphically consistently very small and short consonant and Mitlautfolgezeichen taking more than one level. The base font consists of only 24 characters for consonants and Mitlautfolgen. The very few rules have no exceptions. Helmut Stief himself wrote with these shortcuts loose base font 180 syllables per minute. Further characteristics of the base font see " Mitlautdarstellung " and " vowel representation ".

Construction letter I

The structure of writing I ( previous name was " business journal" ), will allow four times the write speed compared to traditional longhand, ie to about 160 syllables per minute. By 54 shortcuts 35% of all syllables of the German language are covered. These 54 codes will be for about 70 common words and syllables (eg articles, pronouns, prefixes, suffixes ) used. Here, have some shortcuts - as well as in the Simplified shorthand Schultz and the German Euro - Steno - the same shape for phonetically identical or similar sounding words, regardless of the part of speech or sense of importance on (for example, as / is, man / man / mahn, for / led, was / true / goods). The same abbreviation form is also used for various conjugations of the same word (have, for example, / have / has is / will ).

Elementary, high and low position considering the vowel symbols determine the character of the structure font. Abbreviation of syllables with the vowels e, a, u and au are on the baseline, with the vowels i, u and o they are placed half a step lower and placed high with ö and eu or be aEu the corresponding symbol is a whole step. So you can immediately recognize the respective vowel of a syllable from the position of an abbreviation. For example, the stiefografische n (same characters as the k in the German unit shorthand ) in the basic position for " the " in the down position for "not " and in the high position for "man ", " man " and " mahn " used. Expendable syllables and sounds such as " s " with verbs and other inflectional endings, including for nouns and adjectives are omitted.

One difference in comparison with other shorthand systems, the three-step shortcuts that every user can form specifically for its own needs and specialized vocabulary is. They make the Stiefografie to Spezialstenografie for each occupation and for each subject area. For example, the three- m with an authority of "Minister " in a furniture factory " furniture " in the legal field "Client" or in theology " Gospel of Matthew " mean. By adding the literal vowel signs at the head or foot of the three-stage Mitlautzeichens a large number of other word meanings are covered.

Build script II

For very high write speeds in excess of 160 syllables per minute, the build script II (formerly known as " flash font " was ) worked out. It provides an additional 120 random shortcuts and other reduction rules for individual applications and increase the writing speed. The learner can be selected for syllables and words, which he keeps in consideration of graphical considerations and in view of syllable or word frequency for the useful abbreviations.

Links Stenography

All other known shorthand systems have been developed exclusively for writing with the right hand. A special feature of all known Stenografiesystemen is to develop a shorthand specifically for left-handers. The graphic designer, commercial travelers, and shorthand teacher Dieter Wilhelm Dominik from Dusseldorf published after he had come across the Stiefografie, 1977, the base font and the font structure " left- Steno " as Stiefografie variant. This adjustment for left-handers, the characters and writing rules with the Stiefografiesystem are identical. The type face is shown but mirrored. The text lines are written and read what is intended to accommodate the natural movement of left-handed from right to left. Thus handed people should be able to use the shorthand without disadvantages compared to right-handers.

Dissemination

The Stiefografie is also written in Austria and Switzerland, except in Germany. Helmut Stief had been found by his own admission, until his death in 1977 40 000 followers for his system. The Stiefografie or Rational Shorthand is taught primarily at community colleges since 1966 until today; the time of this Stenografiesystem is taught, for example, at the community colleges in Dingolfing and Straubing. The VHS also released an official assessment of the Stiefografie and a comparison with the German unit shorthand (see web link). Also learning in distance education is offered in various ways. Many years were held courses at several universities such as the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main.