Streptococcus uberis
Streptococcus uberis is a bacterium selected from the class of the Bacilli. In dairy farming Streptococcus uberis plays a significant role as mastitis.
Features
Like all forms streptococci Streptococcus uberis kokkoidale, ie spherical cells that anneal in long chains. The morphological differentiation of Streptococcus uberis by other streptococci, in particular enterococci, is not possible. However, there are a number of opportunities for differentiation in physiological- chemical field for the diagnosis of Art
Streptococcus uberis is one of the esculin positive environmental pathogens, that is, to place a Äskulinspaltung äskulinhaltigen culture media by the microorganisms instead. The bacterium is gram- positive and can be assigned to a rule of Lancefield group E. Streptococcus uberis does not produce hemolysins, hence it is only on blood agar plates to form greenish zones. This property is referred to as α - hemolysis or greening.
For Streptococcus uberis occur several genetically distinct strains that make a unique identification difficult at times. Some of these strains have a gene that the individual bacteria enables the encapsulation. There seems to be a connection between the capsule formation and resistance to phagocytes (neutrophils ) to exist. The relationships between the possibility for encapsulation and virulence as pathogens are not yet sufficiently researched.
The complete genome of the strain of Streptococcus uberis 0140J was sequenced in 2009. The bacterium has in its single, circular chromosome of 1,852,352 base pairs. Therefore, the genetic information of content at the lower end of the Streptococcus species have been sequenced genomes in the range from 1.8 to 2.3 megabytes.
Occurrence
Streptococcus uberis is ubiquitous throughout the world. The bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment of cattle, whether in the UK or Australia. They live in the grass in the pastures or in the straw in the stables. It could be detected in samples taken in stables in 36 percent of all cases, more than one million individuals per gram of straw. Also in the feces of cattle, the bacterium was detected. Genetic studies have shown that Streptococcus uberis is less specialized in its metabolism as most other Streptococcus species. In addition, the bacteria can store energy in long polyphosphate chains than stock. There are a whole lot of him Ecological niches available. These include specialized habitats within the animals to their commensals they include, for example in the digestive tract and in the mammary glands of cows, which may be caused by the infection to disease.
Mastitis pathogens
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary glands, which is observed especially in milk-producing pets. Various types of bacteria as the cause come into consideration. Streptococcus uberis is one of the constitutional or environmental mastitis pathogens associated with cattle. Such pathogens cause only with the existence of a specific germ pressure or other predisposing factors, such as low immune defense of the animal to a usually subclinical or chronic mastitis running. More rarely come catarrhal mastitis before with fever and secretion changes. Diseases caused by environmental associated pathogens are more difficult to avoid than on specific routes of infection from animal to animal borne diseases, such as mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae.
Infections with Streptococcus uberis occur more frequently in the period around birth ( parturition ).