Subarachnoid space
The subarachnoid space, and subarachnoid space (space subarachnoideum, Cavitas subarachnoidea, cavum subarachnoideale, cavum cavum hyparachnoidicum or leptomeningicum ), is a gap-shaped space around the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) between the two meninges arachnoid and pia mater. Since circulates the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF) in him, he is also referred to as the outer CSF space. It is to be understood as the inner ventricular CSF space in conjunction. The subarachnoid space continues along the vessels that run from the outside into the brain, a so-called Virchow-Robin space (after Rudolf Virchow and the French anatomist Charles -Philippe Robin ( 1821-1885 ), preceded by a space perivasculare ) away.
Cisterns
The subarachnoid space is extended to the places where the specific shape of the brain due to larger distances from the cranium. They are ( subarachnoideae cisternae ) as cisterns referred.
Cisterna cerebellomedullary
The cerebellomedullary cistern ( cisterna magna also ) is neck- side between cerebellum ( cerebellum) and spinal cord ( medulla spinalis). This extension can be punctured through the gap between the occiput and atlas for Liquorentnahme, which suboccipital puncture performed only in exceptional cases and usually the lumbar puncture is preferred.
Cisterna fossae lateralis cerebri
The cisterna fossae lateralis cerebri (also: Cisterna valleculae lateralis cerebri) is located on the cerebrum in the area of the island between temporal, parietal and frontal lobes of the cortex.
Cisterna chiasmatica
The Cistern chiasmatica lies at the bottom of the midbrain to the optic chiasm ( optic chiasm ).
Cisterna interpeduncular
The interpeduncular cisterna lies at the midbrain in the region of the cerebrum legs ( crura cerebri). Cisterna and interpeduncular cisterna chiasmatica are collectively called Cisterna basalis.
Cisterna quadrigeminalis
The Cistern quadrigeminalis is in the range of the quadrigeminal plate (lamina tecti ) on the dorsal midbrain. Cistern and Cistern quadrigeminalis interpeduncularis be collectively referred to as Cisterna ambiens, which includes the midbrain.
Cisterna pericallosal
The Cistern pericallosal located between the surface of the beam ( the corpus callosum ) and the lower edge of the cerebrum sickle.
Cisterna pontocerebellaris superior
The Cistern pontocerebellaris superior is situated in the lateral part of the bridge ( Pons ) at the border of the cerebellum.
Cisterna pontocerebellaris inferior
The Cistern pontocerebellars inferior is in the cerebellopontine angle.
Cisterna ambiens
The Cisterna ambiens lies caudal to the third ventricle and laterally in the midbrain. It includes the posterior cerebral artery and the superior cerebellar artery.
Clinical Notes
The puncture of the CSF space for removal of cerebrospinal fluid is predominantly in the lumbar spine ( lumbar cisterna ) made ( lumbar puncture ). Also, a puncture of the cisterna cerebellomedullary is possible, but far more risky, since structures of the brain stem may be injured.
The injection of water-soluble X-ray contrast medium into the subarachnoid space is used for X-ray imaging of the spinal canal and spinal cord structures ( myelography ). In some cases, medications are administered intrathecally, ie directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, is applied.
In subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs blood into the subarachnoid space where it accumulates mainly in the cisterns.