Subramanya Bharathi
Subramaniya Bharati (actually C. Subramaniya Aiyar, Tamil: சுப்ரமணிய பாரதி, { { { 1} } }; born December 11, 1882 in Ettayapuram; † September 11, 1921 in Madras ) was a Tamil poet, essayist, journalist, editor, freedom-fighters and reformers. He brought in a simple, folk poetry near his national feeling expressed and was nicknamed Mahakavi Bharathiyar ( Mahakavi means " Great Poet" ).
Life
He came from a Brahmin family from Ettayapuram, a village in present-day Thoothukudi district. His father was an official at the local Chinnasami Aiyar Raja yard. 1889 his mother died. Already in childhood to Subramaniya busy with music and poetry. At the age of 11 years gave him the meeting of the Poet Laureate in recognition of his talent, the name " Bharati " ( in Tamil equivalent to Goddess Saraswati ), which he also kept later than epithets. 1894 to 1897 he went to Tirunelveli to school.
1897 married Subramaniya his then seven -year-old cousin Chellamma. The following year his father died and he went to Benares, where he studied until 1902 Sanskrit and Hindi. He then spent two years employed as a court poet in Ettayapuram. With its unfinished story Chinna Sankaran Katai (1904 ) he freed himself of the poetic conventions on the farm. He went on Madurai to Madras and worked as a journalist with the Tamil daily Swadesamitran.
From 1905 Subramaniya Bharati was also interested in politics. He met with the nationalist politicians VO Chidambaram Pillai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Aurobindo Ghosh and Lala Lajpat Rai and attended meetings of the Indian National Congress. In 1907 he became editor of the radical newspapers Indiya and Bala Bharatam and stepped in it a for reforms and the independence of India. His first collection of poems Swadesa Gitangal ( "National Songs" ) he published in 1908 in Madras, including the nationalist poems Vande Mataram, Entayum Tayum and Jaya Bharat. Then the newspaper Indiya was placed under state supervision and Subramaniya Bharati fled into French Pondicherry, where he lived in political exile until 1918. By 1910, he was there on the newspaper out Indiya. 1910 also came Aurobindo Ghosh and VVS Aiyar exiled to Pondicherry to escape as Subramaniya of political persecution by the British. They were political companions at this time.
Subramaniya Bharati wrote in Pondicherry his most famous works Sapatam Panchali (1912 ) and Kannan Pattu (1917, " singing about Krishna "). The Satire The Fox with the Golden Tail ( 1914) he attacked Theosophy and Hindu reform and praised the poem Putiya Rusiya (1917 ), the October Revolution. He wrote besides political and other essays and wrote numerous songs and Carnatic music ( kritis ).
In November 1918 he returned to India and was arrested by the British immediately in Cuddalore, but released after just under a month. In 1919 he lived in Kilkattiyam and Ettayapuram in poverty. He met Gandhi in Madras in Rajagopalachari and became his followers. The last years were spent in a house in Triplicane Subramaniyam, Madras.
Subramaniya Bharati established a new era in Tamil literature. He introduced a new style of Tamil poetry, in which he set out the prevailing handed down from the Tolkappiyam syntactic rules and a poetic prose style, called putukkavitai, used.
The Bharathiar University in Coimbatore is named after him.