Sucre
Sucre is the constitutional capital of Bolivia and the seat of the Supreme Court, it is located in the south central part of the country and is the capital of the department of Chuquisaca.
The city is named after the revolutionary leader Antonio José de Sucre since 1839. She is known for their chocolate specialties.
History
Sucre was founded in 1538 by Pedro Marques de Campo Redondo Anzurez as Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo and was briefly as La Plata and Charcas and known in Quechua as Chuquisaca. Today's Bolivia was named in the 18th century for its wealth of silver La Plata ( plata means " silver " or " wealth" in general) - Also the Río de la Plata is named because there were the ports of exit for the silver.
Colonial
La Plata benefited economically from its proximity to Potosí and acted as a cultural, administrative and religious center.
In 1559 was set up on the orders of King Philip II in La Plata, the Real Audiencia of Charcas with expertise in litigation, finance and general administration. At the beginning of these were under the Audiencia areas of Cusco to Buenos Aires, but in which were gradually established after Audiencias own. After an administrative reform and the Intendency Puno were from the year 1782 by La Plata from the four Intendencias La Plata, Potosi, Cochabamba and La Paz, 1784-1796 managed.
La Plata 1552 seat of a bishop, which is responsible for formerly supervised by the Diocese of Cuzco areas. In 1559 started the construction of the cathedral. Until the survey to the archbishopric of La Plata o Charcas in 1609 the newly formed diocese belongs to the sphere of influence of the Archdiocese of Lima. Over time, settle various religious orders, such as the Jesuits and Franciscans, and to build monasteries.
In 1622 King Philip III signed. an order establishing a royal university. By a bull of Pope Gregory XV. additionally legitimized from 1623, the foundation was able to " royal and papal " call. Occurred on site in 1624, the local head of the Jesuit Juan de Frías Harran as the founder in appearance and also the original staff was recruited from the ranks of the Padres. Almost inevitably, was awarded the Asia missionary San Francisco Xavier then a Jesuit named the Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca. The initial offering consisted of teaching theology, philosophy, Latin, and the language of the Aymara Indians.
Independence
After independence from Spain in 1825, the city was renamed in honor of Mariscal Antonio José de Sucre in Sucre and capital of the new State of Bolivia.
Due to the economic decline of Potosí and the bad connections with the rest of the country Sucre was abandoned in 1899 as the seat of government in favor of La Paz. However, it remained the constitutional capital of the country and is home to the Supreme Court ( Corte Suprema de Justicia ).
Location and Attractions
Sucre is located at about 2800 m, has a very pleasant, temperate climate and is with its rich, manicured squares and parks as one of the most beautiful cities in South America.
UNESCO World Heritage Site
The old town of Sucre, with its white buildings is regarded as one of the best preserved examples of a colonial city in South America and is structured in a typical checkerboard pattern. In 1991, the old town has been recognized as an ensemble by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. UNESCO established the recognition of the variety of well-preserved houses from the 18th century, and so that also later buildings with courtyards and while maintaining the style of Spanish colonial architecture were built. Likewise, under protection are early buildings such as the built by the first settlers churches of San Lazaro ( 1544) and San Francisco ( 1581). In recognition also helped that the Bolivian authorities for the protection of the whole picture adopted a far-reaching ban on the construction of the adjacent hills already in 1988 and started a program to their reforestation.
Structures
The Casa de la Libertad represents the historic complex in the 1825 Bolivian Declaration of Independence was signed. The main salon is still obtained in the style of the period in which he housed the former revolutionaries. In the museum, the first national flags, as well as all those documents are kept, documenting the historical events surrounding the attainment of independence.
The Monastery of la Recoleta was founded in 1601 by the Franciscans and is surrounded by four square, circled with stone pillars reinforced gears courtyards where lovely gardens are created with roses and flowering geraniums. The on the restored chapel aligned toward roads lead to a beautiful choir stalls.
Museums
The weaving of the local indigenous people of the area ( Tarabuco ) is exhibited at the Textile Museum. In nearby Kalkabbaugebiet (only by taxi to reach ) you can visit the spread over several square kilometers, the best preserved dinosaur tracks in the world.
In the Museo de los Niños Tangatanga there are interactive exhibitions related to the Bolivian culture, health, environment, science and renewable energy.
The Virgin Mary, venerated in Sucre, has a special place in Bolivia. Women who want no more children, bringing the Virgin a doll and ask her to have any more children. Other women who want children, go to her and take a doll and ask them to give her the blessing of children.
Traffic
Although the city is good as the crow flies between all major cities of the country, she's transport network is relatively remote because the road network is in the difficult mountainous terrain only poorly developed.
A few kilometers outside of the city is an airport where flights to other major cities such as La Paz, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz offers.
There are bus connections to all cities of the country: After La Paz, Cochabamba, Potosi, Uyuni, Tarija and Santa Cruz.
There is a train line runs on the three times a week a Ferrobus to Potosí. He takes much longer than the bus on the road, but instead provides a picturesquely meandering route through the mountains. The railway line originally led on to Tarabuco this section, however, was shut down.
Educational institutions
The Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca ( USFX ) was founded in 1624 and is therefore 24 years older than the famous Harvard University. The curriculum includes not only natural, social and economic sciences and technology, law, languages and medicine.
The Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar ( UASB ) was founded in 1985 by the Andean Community, to promote the integration of the Andean countries in the field of university education. Headquartered in Sucre, consist National seats in Quito, Ecuador and Caracas, Venezuela.
Population
The population of the city has increased dramatically in the past three and a half decades to several times:
Sons and daughters of the town
- Jaime de Zudañez (1772-1832), freedom fighter and politician
- Hilarion Daza (1840-1894), President of Bolivia 1876-1879
- Hernando Siles Reyes (1883-1942), President of Bolivia from 1926 to 1930 and founder of the Partido Nacionalista (PN)
- Adolfo Costa du Rels (1891-1980), writer
- José María Velasco Maidana (1900-1989), composer and director
- Jorge Ruiz ( * 1924), a film pioneer, documentary filmmaker and cinematographer
- Edmundo Luis Flavio Abastoflor Montero ( b. 1943 ), Archbishop
- Osvaldo Zambrana ( b. 1981 ), chess grandmaster
Twinning
- La Plata, Argentina (since 2005)
- Quito, Ecuador (since 2007)