Sudan I

Sudan dyes are synthetic dyes, where there are mixtures of azo and anthraquinone dyes in yellow, orange and red types of azo dyes in the blue anthraquinone and at the green. They are soluble in hydrocarbons, oils, fats and waxes and are therefore used for dyeing Selbiger.

Use

Sudan dyes are in the European Union since 1995 no longer authorized as a food additive, as they can be broken down in the body to amines, some of which are carcinogenic. Since the mid-2003 introduced EU -wide controls Sudan dyes are frequently detected in imported products. Focused on the controls so far chilli powder, turmeric and are now virgin palm oil in its sights. The substances but are also found in tomatoes and paprika -containing products such as pesto.

Furthermore, Sudan I and IV used for Semtex colorations.

Abuse

In December 2006, the head of the Guangzhou Tian Yang Foodstuffs Company in southern China, a company that sells food in China and abroad, was sentenced to 15 years in prison and his deputy to ten years ' imprisonment for the dye Sudan Red (Sudan III) in Chili oil and powder had been added. Between April 2002 and March 2005, they should have done with this method, more than half a million U.S. dollars profit. Also found British food inspectors on 18 February 2005 in Worcester sauce made ​​in England the dye Sudan Yellow ( Sudan I).

Trivia

  • The name of Sudan is a registered trademark of BASF for the azo dyes and anthraquinone dyes.
  • German heating oil is dyed with Sudan I. Since 2002, the EU single marker Solvent Yellow 124 is mandatory, the red dye is still mixed in addition to simple distinction.

Substances

There are four different Sudane with azo group (R1 -N = N -R2 ) to include the yellow Sudan I, Sudan II (orange), the red Sudan III and Sudan IV with scarlet color. Sudan I and II and Sudan III and IV are structurally very similar and differ only by two additional methyl groups. For better recognition the info boxes are outlined each with the substance color:

  • Sudan Orange 220
  • Fat Orange R01
  • 1- phenylazo -2-naphthol
  • C. I. 12055
  • C. I. Solvent Yellow 14

Brown -orange to red powder

Fixed

134 ° C

Attention

  • Sudan Orange
  • C. I. 12140
  • C. I. Solvent Orange 7
  • 1 - (2,4- Dimethylphenylazo ) -2-naphthol
  • 1 - (o- Xylylazo ) -2-naphthol

Orange powder

Fixed

156-158 ° C

Risk

  • Sudan Red
  • Ceres Red
  • C. I. 26100
  • C. I. Solvent Red 23

Red powder

Fixed

198-200 ° C

Risk

  • Scarlet
  • Sudan M Red 380
  • C. I. 26105
  • C. I. Solvent Red 24

Red solid

Fixed

199 ° C

Risk

CAS registry number Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC) IBM
753910
de