Supernatural

Supernaturalism ( from Latin supra "above"; natura "nature" ) is the assumption of existence of the supernatural, that is, structures, or objects that are not part of the sensible world of things, but this is based on, or they pass. In this sense, about, among other Immanuel Kant used the expression prominently so that means specifically but most of all, that the above condition represents an epistemological foundation. In the ( Protestant ) Christianity is meant by supernaturalism in the narrower sense, the assumption of a divine revelation, whose content is not understood by natural reason.

Christian supernaturalism

In Protestant theology after Julius Wegscheider supernaturalism " the way of thinking, according to which one believes one directly and supernaturally communicated by God-knowledge, the sublime is as such simply beyond reason ", which also is the belief in a supernatural revelation. In the grounds is then like to refer at this point to Immanuel Kant, human reason denies the possibility of reaching with respect to the communication of God to knowledge. Christ will hereafter be seen as the guarantor of the divine authority of Scripture, but which is still designed in the rationalist sense.

History of the ( Protestant ) supernaturalism has its roots in Wuerttemberg, where the University of Tübingen remains virtually free of rationalism. The older supranaturalistic Tübingen School is associated with the name Gottlob Christian Storr ( 1746-1805 ). More Tübingen representatives are the brothers Johann Friedrich Flatt and Carl Christian von Flatt, Nathanael Friedrich von Köstlin, Friedrich Gottlieb Süskind and Friedrich Steudel. In northern Germany, the Dresden court preacher Franz Volkmar Reinhard 's name ( 1753-1812 ). To the North German group also includes Georg Christian Knapp, Johann August Heinrich Tittmann, Johann Friedrich Kleuker and Ernst Sartorius.

Rationalist supernaturalism

Between rationalism and supernaturalism is mediating the so-called rationalistic supernaturalism (also: supranaturalistischer rationalism ), which despite the mutual polemics close relationship between supernaturalism and rationalism explicitly - especially as the actual contradictions in supernaturalism vs. Naturalism and rationalism vs. Would have to lie irrationalism. Christianity initially is seen as a religion of reason. But its origin lies in the immediate divine revelation, the meaning is understood educational.

This position is primarily by Gottlieb Jacob Planck (1751-1833) and Johann Gottfried Eichhorn (1752-1827) represent (later in Göttingen). Additional representatives alongside other Karl Friedrich Staudlin, Ernst Gottlieb Bengel, Friedrich Christoph Ammon, Karl Ludwig Nitzsch, Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner and Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider.