Święta Lipka
Święta Lipka ( German Heiligelinde ) is a village in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship ( WojewĂłdztwo warmińsko -mazurskie ) in the district ( powiat ) Kętrzyński, Gmina Reszel. In 1975 to 1998 the village belonged to the Province of Olsztyn.
Święta Lipka is one of the most famous Polish Marian shrines. In 1945 the East Prussian village was built .. The basilica with a cloister and monastery among the most important monuments of the Baroque in Northern Poland by the Jesuits in the baroque pilgrimage church Heiligelinde. It was collected in 1983 in the rank of a minor basilica.
- 2.1 Literature
- 2.2 External links
- 2.3 footnotes
History
Beginnings of worship and the first chapel
The origins of the cult of Our Lady of Holy Linde (Polish Święta Lipka ) date back to the 14th century. The legend tells of a Rastenburg convicted person, a carved wooden figure of her child anfertigte on intervention of " Our Lady ". After he was released because of this sculpture, he hung the figure of a lime tree on the path from Rastenburg after Rößel. Many miracles occurred after the announcement by the statue of Mary's child. However, the term " Lipka " further back into the past: namely, a pagan place of worship of the Prussians. Linde was the symbol of the goddess Puskaite, a goddess of fertility and grain, which were held in honor in the spring and autumn festivals. ( See also Zwangschristianisierung ).
Over time, the chapel was built around the tree. The priests of the chapel served the Teutonic Order in Rastenburg. The oldest documented information on the Sacred Linde were found in the cathedral chapter of Płock. From a record of 1473 shows that the place came to the German Teutonic Order, the chapel is not mentioned. In a permission of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, John of depths of 1491 to set up a restaurant, the chapel is called. Numerous pilgrimages were made by Heiligelinde - including the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Albrecht of Brandenburg- Ansbach.
The chapel in Heiligelinde was destroyed during the Reformation. Thanks to the efforts of Stefan Sadorski the reconstruction of the chapel and as a result of a purchase succeeded in the transfer of ownership of land and buildings to the Varmian cathedral chapter. In the fall of 1618 the floor plan of the chapel was 40x26 feet. The chapel was built on the old ruins in 1619 and consecrated by the Lord Bishop of Warmia, Simon Rudnicki on November 19, 1619. On the facade of the chapel, the three arms of Sigismund III were. Wasa, Johann Sigismund (Brandenburg ) and Simon Rudnicki attached. Sadorski handed the chapel of the Jesuits.
The shrine was widely known. Pilgrims came not only from the Warmia, but also from Warsaw, Vilnius and Lviv. Among the pilgrims was also King John II Casimir.
Basilica
On a hill, the present church was planned at the initiative of the Jesuits in the years 1688 to 1693 by an unknown architect. From the construction documents and letters of the registration in Heiligelinde following is clear: The demolition was already present when the Superior Martin Wobbe and the Rector of the College in Roessel, Johann Sigismund, in with the Masons, the honorable took adhere Mr. Georg Ertly, citizen and bricklayer Wilda ( former name of the city of Vilna (Vilnius) to savage or Wildau ) on March 16, 1688 accounted for a construction contract. Ertly came from Tyrol and worked for many years in Vilnius. Superior Wobbe died in 1688, and in October made his successor Konrad Schröter a second contract with the master mason Ertly. The facade dates from the year 1730.
It was necessary prior to construction, to stabilize the soil. The building was on marshy land between the lakes and Wirowym Dejnowa. These 10,000 wooden pillars were rammed.
The church is built in the form of a three-aisled basilica with a presbytery in the main part of the nave and side galleries. The church has a cloister with a chapel at the corners. On the facade of the church and the chapel front carved sculptures of the sculptor Christoph Perwanger are attached. The interior of the church is richly decorated, including a painting on the ceiling, made in the years 1722-1727 by Matthias Johann Meyer. The vault in the presbytery and the nave is (starting with the presbytery ) decorated with pictures, so of Hedwig of Silesia, Sigismund III. Wasa and Casimir of Poland and Lithuania.
Other facilities include the main altar of the church of 1712-1714, the work of Christoph Peucker. In the main altar there is a painting of the Mother of God, painted in 1640 by Bartholomew is Penza. The Konigsberg goldsmith Samuel Grew made silver tabernacle.
The images of the other eight altars were painted by among others Martin Altomonte.
The organ was manufactured from 1719 to 1721 by Johann Joshua Mosengel. The instrument has 40 votes and moving figures, which represent an Annunciation scene. The brochure produced Christoph Peucker. In the church a sculpture exhibited by Our Lady of 1652.
Next to the church there is a memorial stone in honor of the famous composer Feliks Nowowiejski (* 1877 in Wartenberg, Warmia, † 1946 in Poznań ), which was a convent school in Heiligelinde.