Taiwanese aborigines

The indigenous peoples of Taiwan (Chinese原住民, Pinyin yuánzhùmín, W.-G. yüan2chu4min2, Native ') have now only accounts for less than two percent of the population in Taiwan (2009: 499,500 ).

Designation

Previously, the inhabitants of Taiwan (Chinese番) one of the many Chinese terms which correspond approximately to the western word " barbarians " were of the Han population as a "fan " means. During the Japanese occupation, the character was蕃( fan ) is used, which has the same meaning. Dama Lige Japanese anthropologists divided the aborigines into nine ethnic groups. Today, the collective name enforced (only for Taiwan) Yuanzhu min (Chinese原住民, Native ') in the Republic of China. Since the 1950s, terms such as shandi Tongbao (Chinese山地 同胞) were tuzhu minzu (Chinese土著 民族, indigenous peoples '), Xianzhu min (Chinese先 住民, Ersteinwohner ') and to Gaoshan (Chinese高山族, people of the high mountains ' ) are common.

Origin

The origin of the Aboriginal and the time of their colonization of Taiwan are still controversial. However, the majority of linguists, historians and anthropologists of the opinion that the origin of the Austronesians to their language family also includes the aborigines was, on the Southeast Asian mainland (now southern China and Vietnam). Certainly there have been several immigration thrusts that ended BC about 4000 years ago, so in the 3rd millennium. The anthropologist Ling Chunsheng (凌 纯 声) described 1954 cultural parallels between the Minyue, a branch of the Yue peoples who lived in pre-Christian times in the area of ​​today's Fujian Province, and the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. He concluded that the latter were descendants of Minyue. The development was certainly not so unilinear, but an influence of the Yue peoples to the ethnogenesis of the early people of Taiwan can not be dismissed out of hand.

History

After the lost Civil War, the government of the Republic of China in 1949 moved its seat to Taiwan. They first used the term山地 族shandi to ( Bergland peoples ). Only since the year 1994, the natives are officially mentioned as such in the Constitution of the Republic of China. After the constitutional reform in 2000, they are called " First Nations peoples " and are equipped with the state of nationalities.

14 officially recognized Native American peoples

The following 14 ethnic minorities (including subgroups ) recognized by the Republic of China on Taiwan as indigenous peoples:

  • The Ami ( ' Amis, Ami, Pangcah )阿美族to Amei;
  • The Atayal ( Tayal, Tayan )泰雅族Taiya to;
  • The Bunun布 农 族Bunong to;
  • The Kavalan噶 玛兰 族Gamalan, even卡瓦兰 族Kawalan to;
  • The Paiwan Paiwan to排 湾 族;
  • The Puyuma卑南族Beinan, even Pinuyumayan漂 马 族Piaoma to called;
  • The Rukai鲁凯 族Lukai, even Tsarisen, Tsalisen or Salisen called;
  • The Saisiyat赛 夏 族Saixia, even Saisiat transcribed;
  • The Sakizaya ( Sakiraya )撒奇莱雅 族Sāqíláiyǎ zú;
  • The Sediq塞德克Saideke.
  • The dew达 悟 族to Dawu, formerly Yami雅美 族Yamei to called;
  • The Thao劭 族Shaozu;
  • The Truku ( Taroko )太鲁阁 族Tailuge to;
  • Tsou邹 族Zouzu, also曹族Caozu;

The Amis, Kavalan and Tsou are tribal societies from the lowlands who have taken refuge in the 20th century in the mountains.

Ten not officially recognized peoples of Taiwan

These groups are summarized in Taiwan under the name Pingpu ( Peipo )平埔族Pingpu to ( Peoples of the Plains). They have been highly assimilated by the dominant Chinese culture of Taiwan and their languages ​​are as good as extinct. Currently seeking ten Pingpu peoples (some with subgroups ) according to the official recognition; They are:

  • Basay马赛 人ren Masai;
  • Trobian多 啰 美人Duoluomei ren;
  • Luilang雷朗 人Leilang ren;
  • Favoran费 佛朗 人Feifolang ren;
  • Arikun阿立昆 人Alikun ren;
  • Lloa罗亚 人Luoya ren;

Of the Qaugaut猴猴 人ren Houhou there seems to be no more descendants who are still unaware of their lineage.

Aborigines in the People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China is one of the indigenous people of Taiwan as one of its 56 nationalities officially recognized. They are referred to there as " Gaoshan " (Chinese高山族, Pinyin Gaoshan zú, people of high mountains ').

Wade–Giles Han Chinese Taiwan under Japanese rule Atayal people Bunun people Siraya people
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