Tariq ibn Ziyad
Tariq ibn Ziyad (Arabic طارق بن زياد, DMG Tariq b Ziyad, . * 670, † 720 ) was a Berber Muslim commander, conqueror of Western Goth ( 711-714 ).
Life
Tariq was a convert to Islam and Berber was as commander and governor of Tangier, Musa ibn Nusayr, the governor of Ifriqiya ( 703-714 ). After a first successful Muslim foray into the Visigothic kingdom of Morocco under tariff abu Zura (July 710) was Tariq in spring 711, with around 7,000 men (mostly Berbers ) across the Strait of Gibraltar from the territory of Ceuta coming in Gibraltar ( Jabal Tariq at-, "Mountain of Tariq " ) on the Iberian Peninsula. From there, the Muslims conquered the Iberian Peninsula ( in Arabic: al -Andalus ).
After he had received reinforcement of 5000 men, he defeated the Visigoths under Roderich in the eight -day battle on the Rio Guadalete ( 19 to 26 July 711 ) is critical. Allegations of medieval chroniclers, after the defeat of the Visigoths was the fault of treason, have been proven by recent research to be incorrect. Since King Roderick died in the battle, the Visigothic defense collapsed quickly, so Tariq, could conquer, contrary to the commands of Musa ibn Nusayr, fast Córdoba, Málaga, and the capital of Toledo.
In June 712 Musa ibn Nusayr met with a predominantly Arab army one ( 18,000 men ) and conquered Medina- Sidonia, Carmona and Seville. Although Tariq was punished due to ignoring the commands of Musa, but both ran on the conquest of the country and came up to Zaragoza and Navarre before. However, it already came to the first conflict over the distribution of conquests. While the Arabs were able to settle mainly in the fertile south, the Berbers of the border areas were assigned to the north. Before he could advance across the Pyrenees to Septimania, Tariq ibn Ziyad was together with his supervisor Musa ibn al - Walid the Caliph Nusayr I. summoned to Damascus ( 714). The Caliph was angered about the fact that the two had only informed him of the conquest, but not acted on his orders. Tariq and Musa were removed from their posts, and fell out of favor.
The nickname Tariq (Arabic طارق, DMG Tariq, Morning Star ') is of Arabic origin; So the full name means Tariq, son of Ziyad. In today's Berber languages Tariq is known under the name Ouziyad or Ouziad.
Whether it is in fact a historical figure with Tariq, has been made in recent years in question. The Arabist Emilio Gonzalez Ferrin of the University of Seville represents in his much-publicized in Spain Historia General de Al Andalus, the thesis that there was no Arab- Muslim conquest in the 8th century, but rather a civil war -like situation between diverse ethnic groups. The conquest by Berber Tariq was therefore a founding myth, which had been set until the time of the Almoravids in the 11th century in the world in order to legitimize the seizure of power by a long-standing Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula.
Aftereffect
In Germany, many mosques bear the name Tariq, such as the Tarik Bin Ziyat Camii in Gelsenkirchen. In the Berber areas of Morocco after independence schools were renamed after him, as there are in Azrou and Ifrane a Lycée Tarik Ibn Ziad Qualifiant. One of the Algérie Ferries ferry is named after him.