Tenor

As a tenor ( stress on the second syllable, Pl tenors ), both the high male singing voice and a singer ( formerly: tenor ) is called with this voice. The label was formed out to the incipient polyphony, as they called the voice that the cantus firmus held, tenor (from the Latin tenere "hold" ), while circulating around votes against countertenor were called. The notation of the tenor voice is normally done in octaves in the treble clef.

Range

The center of the tenor tessitura in most games between f and g ', the entire circumference of the usual games between c and a'. Since the bel canto the top notes ( the proverbial " high C ") apply to the a ' particularly emotional expression and also as tenoraler track record. In the ancient music of the penetrating sound of the tenor Spitzentons other hand, was not desirable. There grades are to be found on the a ' rare.

In the opera Mitridate, re di Ponto of the 14 -year-old WA Mozart tenor is to c out in the full range of c'', both as a passing note as well as a prominent highest note. The highest note, which occurs in the opera literature for a tenor, is f'' (another quart above the high C), such as in ensemble places the opera La Cenerentola Gioacchino Rossini and in the aria of Arturo in the opera I Puritani by Vincenzo Bellini. These high-lying tenor roles, however, were probably not sung in full chest voice.

A variant of the high tenor voice is the "haute - contre " position, but which is in contrast to the countertenor not sung in falsetto, but in the chest voice. It occurs mainly in the French baroque music. An example is the role of Platée in the same lyrical comedy by Jean -Philippe Rameau. the vocal range of the "haute - contre " goes from d or e to d ".

Vocal Fach

The voice of the tenor can be roughly divided into voting compartments that characterize the voice in terms of quality, its scale, its volume and in terms of the vocal and representational requirements. This classification resulted mainly from stage practical habits to assign appropriate roles singers.

• Tenore leggiero / Tenore di grazia The voice is very slim and lightweight and has excellent mobility and coloratura. Typical games: Passions (Bach) - Evangelist, The Barber of Seville ( Rossini ) - Graf, La Cenerentola ( Rossini ) - Don Ramiro
• Lyric tenor: soft, light and flexible voice with beautiful enamel and softer level; Typical roles: The Magic Flute (Mozart) - Tamino, Abduction from the Seraglio (Mozart) - Belmonte, Rigoletto (Verdi) - Duca di Mantova
• Game Tenor ( Tenorbuffo ): the voice is capable of characterization and portable, the singer an adroit performer. Typical roles: Abduction from the Seraglio (Mozart) - Pedrillo Magic Flute (Mozart) - Monostatos
• Character tenor: characterization special assets, so-called intermediate compartment. Typical roles: Siegfried (Wagner) - Mime, Rheingold (Wagner) - Mime and Loge
• Young heroic tenor: metallic -sounding voice with noble tenoraler coloring and the design capacity for lyrical parts as well as for dramatic highlights. Typical roles: Fidelio (Beethoven) - Florestan, Der Freischütz ( Weber) - Max
• Tenore spinto ( from Italian spingere - push ): Italian counterpart to the young heroic tenor: greater emphasis on soft tone of voice, mobility of voice and radiant height, less on pure vocal volume; the prototype of the " Italian tenor ". Typical roles: Aida (Verdi) - Radames; Il Trovatore (Verdi) - Manrico; La Bohème ( Puccini ) - Rodolfo, Tosca ( Puccini ) - Cavaradossi, I Pagliacci ( Leoncavallo ) - Canio
• Heroic tenor: heavy and voluminous voice sound very central position and depth, often with baritone color. Typical roles: Tristan und Isolde (Wagner) - Tristan, Tannhauser (Wagner) - Tannhäuser, Siegfried (Wagner) - Siegfried, Otello (Verdi) - Otello
• The tenor [ tɛnɚ ] in barbershop singing is not strictly speaking a tenor, but rather a countertenor due to its high elevation.

Hardly a singer has sung from a voice specialist during his career exclusively games. Fritz Wunderlich as was originally a pure lyric tenor who sang at the end of his life, more and more games from the compartment of tenore lirico spinto tenor and even the youthful hero. Francisco Araiza, a lyric tenor who is one of the last two references as a Mozart tenor together with Fritz Wunderlich, has games from all categories, by Count ( The Barber of Seville, Tenore di Grazia ) Rodolfo ( La Boheme, Tenore Spinto ), Lohengrin and Stolzing ( young heroic tenor ) to the Siegmund ( Die Walküre, heroic tenor ) sang. Plácido Domingo, actually a tenore spinto, has sung during his career and games from all other categories: by Nemorino ( love potion, tenore di grazia ) about Don Ottavio ( Don Giovanni, Lyric Tenor), Max ( Der Freischütz ) and Lohengrin ( young heroic tenor ) to Parsifal and Tannhäuser ( heroic tenor ).