Theodor von Heuglin
Martin Theodor von Heuglin ( born March 20, 1824 in Hirschlanden in Württemberg, † November 5, 1876 in Stuttgart ) was an African and Arctic explorer and ornithologist.
Life
Theodor Heuglin was born as the eldest of six children of evangelical pastor Ludwig Friedrich Heuglin. After attending high school, he studied at the age of 15 years metallurgy in the Scientific Training Institute in Ludwigsburg. 1842/43 Heuglin attended the Polytechnic Institute in Stuttgart. In 1845 he worked as an intern at the Württemberg iron works in Königsbronn 1846 as an assistant at the Fürstenberg Amalienhütte.
His first trip to Africa, he went to Egypt in 1850, after he had given up his job as an employee of the iron works. In Egypt he learned the Arabic language and undertook trips to the mountains between the Red Sea and the Nile and into Peträische Arabia.
In May 1852 appointed secretary of the Austrian consulate in Khartoum, he went to Constantinople Reitz, the Austrian consul in Khartoum, Gedaref and over Gallabat to Gonder and in the landscape of Simiengebirges and reported it in the Tourism in Northeast Africa ( Gotha 1857). In place of Reitz, who died in 1853, was appointed Gerenten the Austrian Consulate, Heuglin toured the White Nile and Kordofan. In 1855 he went to Vienna. There he presented a first systematic survey of the birds of Northeast Africa with 754 species together. Beginning of 1856 he again visited the Eastern Sudan, examined the Bajudasteppe 1857 and traveled the country coast of the Red Sea, to his weakened health forced him to return to Europe. Here he remained from late 1858 to the end of 1860, arranged his collections and described his travels.
In 1860 he was appointed by August Petermann, Heinrich Barth to head an expedition which should enlighten the fate of the lost 1855 African explorer Eduard Vogel. Other participants of this expedition were Hermann Steudner, Gottlob Theodor Kinzelbach (1822-1867), Werner Munzinger, Hansal and Schubert. Alexandria was the starting point for the trip to Wadai where bird was lost. On June 17, 1861, the expedition Massawa reached, remained during the rainy season in the high Bogosländern, but then did not go directly to Khartoum, but made rather a long detour through Abyssinia to over Gondar beyond what Munzinger and Kinzelbach parted from him, and the futile attempt made to penetrate on Darfur in Wadai.
Heuglin penetrated into the Galla province and participated in the April 4, 1862 friendly relations with the Abyssinian Emperor Theodore II ( Twodoros ) on. The Committee withdrew it Heuglin leader of the expedition. The results of the expedition are in the work of the German expedition to East Africa in 1861 and 1862 ( Gotha 1864) described.
Heuglin now joined in 1863, accompanied by Hermann Steudner the expedition of the Dutch adventurer Alexandrine Tinne on, drove into the Bahr al - Ghazal up to the lake and sat Rek from here his journey to the river Dembo continues, he on 17 July reached in 1863. Previously Steudner had died on Waufluss on 10 April 1863. Also Heuglin fell ill and was thus forced to live with alexines Tinne, whose mother was also accompanying the expedition died, back to Khartoum and in September 1864, Berbera, and Sawakin Sues to Europe.
1870-1871 undertook Heuglin Travel to Spitsbergen and to the island of Novaya Zemlya ( travel reports in Peter 's releases from 1871 to 1874 and in supplement n 15). In 1875, he traveled through the territory of the Beni- Amer; back in Europe, he was preparing for an expedition to the island of Socotra, to which it did not come. Heuglin died on November 5, 1876 in Stuttgart.
Honors
After Heuglin following taxa are among others named: Heuglintrappe ( Neotis heuglinii ) Weißbrauenrötel ( Cossypha heuglini ) Tundramöwe (Larus fuscus heuglini ) Heuglin Wheatear ( Oenanthe heuglini ) Heuglin White-eye ( Zosterops poliogastrus ) and Heuglinweber ( Ploceus heuglini ).
The northernmost point of the island Edgeøya in the Svalbard Archipelago is now called Cape Heuglin.
In his native city, Hirschlanden, the local primary and secondary school Hirschlanden - Schöckingen was renamed after him.
Other works
- Systematic Review of the birds north-east Africa 's inclusion with the Arabian coast of the Red Sea and the Nile source countries northern south to the fourth degree of south latitude. Vienna 1856 ( Online) * The German expedition to East Africa in 1861 and 1862. Justus Perthes, Gotha 1864 ( with Gottlob Theodor Kinzelbach, Werner Munzinger and Hermann Steudner, Online)
- Systematic Review of mammals northeast Africa 's inclusion with the Arabian coast, the Red Sea, the Somali and the sources of the Nile countries, south to 4th Grade N. lat. Vienna 1866 ( with Leopold Fitzinger )
- Journey to Abyssinia, the Galla countries, Eastern Sudan and Khartoum. Hermann Costenoble, Jena 1868, ( Online)
- Ornithology northeast Africa 's sources of the Nile and coastal areas of the Sea and the northern Somal Rothrn country. Theodor Fischer, Kassel 1869-73, Volume 1-1, 1-2 band, band 2-1, band 2-2
- Trip to the area of the White Nile and its Tributaries west in the years 1862-64. Winter'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig 1869 ( Online)
- Trips to the Arctic Ocean. 2 vols. , George Westermann, Braunschweig 1872-73 ( Online)
- Travel in Northeast Africa. Descriptions of the areas of the Beni Amer and Habab together with zoological sketches and a guide for hunting travelers. George Westermann, Braunschweig 1877, Volume 1, Volume 2