Town square
One place is in the urban context of a constructed buildings open space in cities. Places are focal points of public life in the city. They are therefore the central theme and space element of urban development.
Places are the "living room " of the city and represent the ruler of the city or citizenship. Therefore, they are mostly designed particularly complicated. Often there are important public buildings such as town halls and churches in central locations. The surrounding buildings have magnificent spectacle facades. The place itself is decorated with monuments and fountains, the flooring is often made of precious materials.
Etymology
The word place goes over medium high German court, plaz and Old French place back on vulgar Latin and Latin platea " wide street ", " place". This in turn is derived from Greek πλατεία plateia, a reduction from πλατεία οδός plateia Hodos " wide street ". The starting point is the Greek adjective πλατύς platys "flat", "wide".
History
As long as there are cities, there are also central places where people gathered and took action. In ancient Greece, the agora was a umstandener by porticoes gathering place for citizens, lined with temples and adorned with monuments. In Roman architecture, the Forum took over this function. In the orthogonal street grid of Roman military camp, find places.
In all medieval floor plans you will find town squares, usually in the center surrounded by city walls city. Of the city gates on these roads lead central square. One example is the square, Rynek Główny in Krakow, which is reached by the bullet.
During the Renaissance and Baroque courts were created complex and sophisticated. They were now planned by famous architects and created with reference to the city's layout. Lines of sight and perspective distortions played an important role, for example in Piazza del Campidoglio by Michelangelo or in St. Peter's Square by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in Rome.
Since the increase in individual places were always more important than transportation hubs. A well-known example is the Place de la Concorde in Paris, which was created as a "Royal Square " and is now dominated by traffic.
Today, urban planners, landscape architects, architects, traffic planners and artists deal with the design of squares.
As the largest space is often the Tiananmen Square in Beijing called. It has an area of 39.6 ha
Typology
- Distinction by usage: Anger who provides free village square as the ancestral form of the square
- Agora Forum, the ancient place as urban stem form
- Marketplace (eg: Nuremberg, Main Market )
- Parking, formerly car stand (eg: Munich, Chemnitz place)
- Hard place (eg: Rome, Piazza Navona )
- Garden, which is mainly frequented by pedestrians Schmuckplatz whose paths lie mainly in passenger transport direction
- Place of rest, recreation space, the footpaths are not primarily people in traffic direction
- Town Hall Square and Courthouse Square
- Church Square, also Dom or Cathedral Square ( ex: Rome, St. Peter's Square )
- Palace Square, Residence Square
- Theatre Square
- Station forecourt
- Width space
- Höhen-/Tiefenplatz
St. Peter's Square by Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Piazza del Campidoglio by Michelangelo
Place Charles -de- Gaulle in Paris
Times Square in New York
Schouwburgplein in Rotterdam