Tragus (plant)
Tragus australianus
The genus of grasses Velcro ( tragus ) belongs to the family of grasses ( Poaceae ). The eight species are distributed almost worldwide.
Description
In Tragus species, are annual or perennial herbaceous plants. The alternate arranged leaves are divided into leaf sheath and blade. The leaf sheaths are open to the bottom. The ligule ( ligule ) has the form of a short lashes.
In the spike-like racemose inflorescences are of short to long stalks rarely the spikelets in pairs to fifth in groups that fall as a whole at maturity. The spikelets flowered, laterally compressed, the top one or two of each group are stunted and sterile. There are no awns present. The flowers are hermaphrodite. The two glumes are very unequal, the lower is small and zarthäutig - transparent, the upper as long as the spikelet, ribbed, and has on the ribs either hook-shaped, curved or straight, standing on warts spiked hair. The lemma is dreinevig, membranous, slightly shorter than the upper glume. The palea is two annoying, as long as the lemma, with wide, chosen sides. There are three stamens present. The two pen end in feathery scars.
The caryopsis is ellipsoid to oblong and slightly flattened top. The embryo occupies almost half the length of the caryopsis.
Ecology
The Ährchengruppen hook and with the help of hakigen spines on the upper glumes of animal hair firmly and be spread. Tragus species are therefore slightly abducted with wool.
Systematics and distribution
The first publication of the genus Tragus took place in 1768 by Victor Albrecht von Haller in Historia Stirpium Indigenarum Helvetiae inchoata, 2, p 203 type species is Tragus racemosus (L.) .. All Synonyms for tragus All. are: Lappago Schreb. nom. Superfl. , Nazia Adans. nom. rej. , Echisachys Neck., Echinanthus Cerv .. All tragus. nom. cons. were according to the rules of the ICBN ( Vienna ICBN Art 14.4 & App. III) conserved over Nazia Adans. nom. rej. ( Naziaveröffentlicht in Michel Adanson: Familles des Plantes, 2, 1763 31, 582 ).
The genus belongs to the tribe tragus Cynodonteae in the subfamily within the family Poaceae Chloridoideae.
The distribution of the genus Tragus is almost worldwide. With six species is the main distribution point in Africa. In Europe, only one species is found.
The genus Tragus include about eight ways:
- Tragus andicola MAZapater & Sulekic: It is native to South America.
- Tragus australianus STBlake: It comes in Australia, in the south-western Pacific and in the western and southern South America.
- . Tragus berteronianus Schult, Syn: Lappago berteroniana ( Schult. ) Schult. ex Steud. , Tragus racemosus var berteronianus ( Schult. ) Hack., tragus occidentalis Nees, Lappago racemosa var erecta Kunth nom. nud. , tragus ciliatus Lepr. . ex Kunth, Lappago phleoides Fig & De Not, Tragus racemosus var brevispiculus Doell, tragus tcheliensis Debeaux, Nazia occidentalis ( Nees ) Scribn, Lappago occidentalis ( Nees ) Hook.f., tragus alienus var brevispinus Henrard. It is spread from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula to China. In many areas of the world it is an invasive plant.
- Tragus heptaneuron Clayton: It occurs in the northeastern and eastern tropical Africa and Australia.
- Tragus koelerioides Asch, Syn. Tragus racemosus var major hack, tragus major ( Hack. ) Stapf. It occurs in southern tropical Africa and Southern Africa.
- Tragus Mongolorum Ohwi, Syn: Tragus roxburghii Panigrahi: It comes in the eastern tropical Africa, Mid Atlantic and western Indian Ocean, western Asia, China, Mongolia, India and Indochina before.
- Tragus pedunculatus Pilg. It occurs only in Botswana and Namibia.
- Traubiges Velcro grass ( Tragus racemosus (L.) All, Syn: .. .. .. . Cenchrus racemosus L., Phalaris muricata Forssk Superfl nom, nom Superfl Cenchrus linearis Lam, Lappago racemosa (L.) Honck, Lappago biflora Roxb. . .. Superfl nom, tragus racemosus var longispicula Doell nom inval, Nazia racemosa (L.) Kuntze ): .. The wide range extends from Europe to Central Asia and from the tropical to the Southern Africa as well as to Pakistan.