Transposing instrument

Transposing Music instruments Music instruments whose usual notation does not correspond to its real pitch.

The transposition, for example, serve the purpose of facilitating the player playing several similar instruments that are built in different moods. By proper transposition is achieved here that the same notation always corresponds to the same handle or the same natural tone on the instrument. This is a matter of convention; materially transposing instruments differ in any way from non- transposing (eg, see below at Kuhlo notation). Most ( but not necessarily) the respective keynote head of the instrument is moved accordingly listed as C major and all other sounds. A declaration (eg " trumpet in B") on the sheet it can be seen to deviate which interval of the sounding tone from the noted sound ( in the example, a major second down).

Another purpose of the transposition - in this case, Octave - is to be able to use in the score the better-known key ( treble or bass clef ) without too many guides. The octave notation is therefore used for particularly high or low-lying instruments. This is indicated by an eight on the clef for an octave, or 15 for the sound of two octaves higher (or deeper below the clef, for sound an octave or two octaves).

Examples

Octave higher Instruments:

• Two octaves higher sounding than listed: Garkleinblockflöte
• An octave higher than sounding notes: piccolo, recorders in the layers sopranino and soprano, curved horns, Cornamusen and Kortholte in the layers alto and tenor, glockenspiel, all listed on the treble clef; Recorders in the layers bass and great bass notes in bass clef; Celesta, listed in treble and bass clef (like piano).
• An octave lower than written sounding guitar, Heckelphone, listed in the treble clef; Double bass and contrabassoon, listed in the bass clef. Add to that the tenor singing voice when it is listed in the treble clef.

In a narrower sense transposing instruments are those that transpose at a different interval than the octave:

• To the top: Clarinet in Eb, sounds a minor third higher than written
• Trumpet in D, sounds a major second higher than written
• Great Highland Bagpipe in B, sounds like a small second higher than written ( quoted in A)

• Clarinet / Trumpet / soprano saxophone in B, sounding a major second lower than written
• Oboe d' amore / clarinet in A, sounding a minor third lower than written
• Alto saxophone in Eb, sounding a major sixth lower than written
• Tenor saxophone / bass clarinet in B, sounding a major ninth lower than written
• Baritone saxophone, sounding a major thirteenth lower than written
• Horns always transpose down. Valve horns are usually listed in F, that is, they sound a fifth lower than written (for example, French horn ). There are, however, other codes ( for example, various forms of the bracket horn ). Natural horns are usually quoted in C. The Hunting Horn in B sounds a major ninth lower than written, the Parforcehorn a large thirteenth as quoted deeper into it.
• English horn, sounds a fifth lower than written.

It can be seen that the vast majority of the most commonly used instruments is tuned in B. This has set to music genres such as the New Orleans Jazz and Dixieland jazz influence by pieces of these genres preferably in B (or adjacent to the circle of fifths keys such as F or Eb). Then the players of wind instruments, which take over the melody in these genres can play in the most comfortable for them fingering, so that their virtuosity is not hindered by purely mechanical complications.

In addition, the drums were recorded in transposing the Viennese Classical mostly. Since the usual timpani couple were tuned to the root note and the fifth, one used in the notation only the pitches C and G, the statement corresponding to the atmosphere can be found at the beginning of the part.

Kuhlo notation

A special exception is made for the brass in the church brass choirs, whose literature has held since its founding by John Kuhlo continuously in sounding, that is not transposed notation (also known as C- Class ). However, the use brass usual, in B, F or Eb tuned brass and have the valve combinations from the start learned accordingly. In the hands of a trombone blower the Bb trumpet ( etc. ) is therefore a non- transposing instrument, although it in no way differs from the B -flat trumpet an orchestra blower.

But even with the Kuhlo notation there is an exception. Here the tuba, unlike elsewhere in the orchestral literature, an octave higher than it sounds recorded in order to obtain a clearer picture of the score for four voices.