Dixieland

The style of Dixieland developed in the 1910s from the imitation of New Orleans jazz by white musicians and spread from New Orleans to Chicago and New York.

Style

When Dixieland Jazz occur compared to traditional New Orleans jazz back the original sound production, grinding sounds, expressive vibrato and the overall expression. The melodies are smooth and pure harmonies. Since the early 1930s, Dixieland jazz is no longer sharply separated from the New Orleans jazz. Over time, musicians played, regardless of their skin color both styles. Louis Armstrong, for example, played with his All-Stars Dixieland. Today there are three main streams of Dixieland jazz: the Chicago Style, West Coast Revival and Traditional New Orleans.

The typical filling a Dixieland group formation is a melody of trumpet or cornet, clarinet, trombone with the three main voices, and a rhythm section consisting of drums, piano, double bass and sousaphone or tuba and banjo or guitar. General style features are the collective improvisation, Breaks, the trumpet as a lead instrument and the embellishment of the melody by clarinet and trombone. The melodies and improvisations are often catchy and artistically less ambitious in general.

Musical features

The Dixieland Jazz is characterized by collective improvisation or Variantenheterophonie, which is realized by the melody group. Thus, for example, a kind of call and response function ( call and response ).

The rhythm section is for the " Time Keeping " - that is the tempo - Hold - responsible. Comprising bass drum, tuba, double bass, banjo and piano takes on this additional task of emphasizing the 1st and 3rd beat. This is another important characteristic of the Dixieland jazz - the "Two Beat".

The primacy or lead position of the trumpet is as indisputable as the New Orleans jazz with the Dixieland jazz. As more parts of the melody group the trumpet for this is a kind of foundation voice and the clarinet ensures a harmonious embellishment of the trumpet parts.

To pauses, such as ragtime Breaks, cares primarily the piano.

In contrast to traditional New Orleans jazz tunes from the Dixieland jazz are smoother, the harmonies pure and the technique is accomplished. The components of the " hot- intonation ", so Dirty Tones ( unclean intoned tones), "Off - Pitch Ness " (slight pitch variations ), vibrato, Growling ( Tonbrechung by simultaneously playing multiple sounds), " Tailgate " of the slide trombone ( glissando, so moving Füllparts ) and the slapping of the double bass ( technique for producing a clapping noise ) occur with the Dixieland into the background. Occasionally imitations of animal sounds can be detected (eg Original Dixieland Jass Band: " Barnyard Blues", 1917) in works of Dixieland jazz.

Formation

The Dixieland Jazz originated when white musicians to New Orleans jazz interpretations. As a father of Dixieland Jazz applies - less because of the music as played by him because of the white musicians in his band, which arrived in early jazz to prominence - Papa Jack Laine, who marched with his Street Band playing music through the streets of New Orleans. His backing musicians belonged to Nick LaRocca.

Inform the style and the cause of the spread of the new style were the Original Dixieland Jass band and the New Orleans Rhythm Kings. Around the middle of the 1920s evolved from the Dixieland style of the Chicago jazz. End of the 1930s there was a resurgence of dixieland when you started in the swing era, to deal with the origins of jazz. Band leader Tommy Dorsey and Bob Crosby formed from the members of their Swing Orchestra Dixieland formations for recordings (so-called "band within a band").

Revival

To Europe, this style came only after the Second World War by bands such as the Wilbur De Paris. In the 1950s, there was a veritable Dixieland Revival, who brought some of the titles in the top of the record sales. Dixieland was not played here partly in the original form. Rather went into this Traditional Jazz also play experiences from the New Orleans style, and from the Skifflemusik. Associated with the Revival are names such as Chris Barber, Acker Bilk, Ken Colyer, Monty Sunshine or the Dutch Swing College Band.

Some Dixieland musicians

Some of the best selling and most famous Dixieland artists of the postwar period:

• Tony Almerico, trumpeter, played Dixieland live in Clear Channel WWL radio in New Orleans and in many downtown hotels, he was a tireless promoter of this music.
• The Dukes of Dixieland, the Assunto family band of New Orleans. A successor band playing today in New Orleans.
• Eddie Condon, a guitarist and bandleader, who ran a chain of nightclubs in New York and had known radio broadcasts. Successor bands played until the 70, and her style is heard today.
• Turk Murphy, a trombonist and bandleader Earthquake McGoons and other venues in San Francisco from the late 1940s until the late 1970s.
• Al Hirt, a trumpeter with a series of Top 40 hits in the 1960s, until his death bandleader in New Orleans.
• Pete Fountain, clarinetist, Leader of pop bands in New Orleans, now retired.
• Kenny Ball from England, had with " Midnight in Moscow " a Top 40 hit in the early 1960s.
• Jim Cullum Jr., cornetist from San Antonio ( Texas). Introduced along with his father since 1963 bands in San Antonio, known as The Happy Jazz Band. Today, he heads the Jim Cullum Jazz Band, which has long been heard in U.S. radio shows.
• Tim Laughlin, clarinetist, protege of Pete Fountain, he directed some well-known bands in New Orleans and often touring over the summer in Europe.

Today's festival

• The International Dixieland Festival Dresden, Europe's largest old-time jazz festival always takes place in the second week of May. Half a million visitors a year experience within 8 days up to 350 musicians from around the world at a variety of events.
• A smaller event names " Riverboat Jazz Festival " held annually in Silkeborg, Denmark.
• The largest traditional jazz festival in the U.S., the Sacramento Jazz Jubilee. It will take place on Memorial Day weekend in Sacramento ( California). The event recorded 100,000 visitors, it play 150 bands from all over the world. Other smaller festivals and jazz parties came on in the late 60s, when the rock revolution displaced many of the jazz nightclubs.

Etymology

• See Dixieland.