Tricholoma aurantium
Orange Red Knight (Tricholoma aurantium )
The Orange Red Knight (Tricholoma aurantium ) is a species of fungus in the family of Tricholoma relatives ( Tricholomataceae ). It is usually rare in Central Europe and has a distribution area in Scandinavia as well as in the Kalkregionen the mountains.
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat reached a diameter of six to twelve centimeters. He is vividly colored orange or yellow-orange. The surface is fine-scaled or nearly smooth and quite greasy. If you touch the hat comes off. The brim is initially rolled, bent, later wavy.
The slats are only white, then tinted pale yellowish. They have especially on the cutting and printing reddish or reddish-brown spots. The leaves are crowded and are attached sinuate.
The stem reaches a length between four and eight centimeters and a thickness of 1.5 to 2 centimeters. At the top it has a whitish zone, which is sharply demarcated from the lower stem portion. Furthermore, this region is provided with tears. Among the stem has an orange- red, dotted - granular coating, making it appear strikingly colorful.
The flesh is white, tinged slightly reddish orange at the stem tip. It smells strongly of flour or dextrin and tastes bitter.
The spore powder is white.
Microscopic characteristics
The spores measure 5.5 by 4 microns. They are breitelliptisch and have a smooth surface. Cystidia and buckles are missing.
Artabgrenzung
The Orange Red Knight Ling is well characterized by its lively hat colors. A little similar to the collar Knight (Tricholoma focale ), but which, as the name suggests, has a handle ring. Moreover, his hat colors are a little darker and leaning more towards brown or brick red.
Ecology
The Orange Red Knight Ling is found in hair barley and orchid beech forests and in fir-beech forests with interspersed spruce or pine. He is also to be found in spruce and Scots pine forests, forest edges and clearings, and junipers.
The fungus preferred moderately fresh to fresh moist, flat to moderately subtle, neutral to alkaline soils that are saturated with bases. These are located in the highly regular over lime or limestone base.
The fruiting body usually appear in small groups, sometimes in fairy rings between late July to early November, weather permitting later. The fungus forms a mycorrhizal with conifers, especially spruces and pines.
Dissemination
The Orange Red Knight Ling is meridionally distributed in the Holarctic to boreal. So it is in North America (Canada, USA ), Europe, North Africa, and northern Asia (Caucasus, Central Asia) to find. In Europe, the species is found in the northern- montane area. So it has a distribution area in Scandinavia and is clearly lückiger present in the lowlands south of the North and Baltic Seas. In central and southern Europe shows an increasing tendency montane. The area extends from the UK, the Netherlands, where the fungus is rare, and France (Alps region ) to the east to Estonia, Belarus and Hungary and in the south to the Balearic Islands, Italy Sicily, Greece and Romania and northward up to the Hebrides.
In Germany, shows a rather uneven distribution image. In southern Germany it is moderately common, which can be found in the Limestone Alps, the Jura Mountains, the Baar and the Ostschwarzwald significant consolidations. North of the species is up to the central mountain emerging rare and found only sporadically in the northern German flat and hilly country. In the states of Schleswig -Holstein, Mecklenburg- Vorpommern and large parts of Lower Saxony it has not been established.
The holdings by the Orange Red Knights Lings are engaged in a sharp decline since 1970. Despite the significant reduction of SOx -emissions they have not recovered. This fact is attributed to the increasing burden on the upper floors with nitrogen compounds from agriculture and transport. The species is on the Red Lists of several German states and European countries.
Importance
Because of the astringent, bitter taste of Orange Red Knight Ling is inedible.