Trigonelline

• 535-83-1
• 6138-41-6 (hydrochloride)

Colorless solid (hydrochloride)

• 230-233 ° C
• 218 ° C ( monohydrate)
• 258-259 ° C ( hydrochloride)

• Well in water
• Well in warm ethanol
• Moderately in cold alcohol
• Insoluble in chloroform
• Insoluble in diethyl ether

Hydrochloride

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Trigonelline, nicotinic acid -N- methylbetain, is an alkaloid from the group of trigonelline and an N- methyl derivative of nicotinic acid. It comes in coffee beans present in amounts from 0.3 to 1.3 %, but is subject to the roasting of coffee beans as opposed to caffeine stronger changes. This may be demethylated to either nicotinic acid or decarboxylated to give N- methylpyridine.

Occurrence

In addition to the content in coffee beans trigonelline is included as a base in the seeds of many plants, such as Trigonella foenum-graecum, L., Strophanthus spp in dog poison plants and hemp, fennel and leguminous plants.

Representation

The synthesis can be carried out by heating of Trigonelline of nicotinic acid with iodomethane and treatment with silver (I ) oxide.

Benefit

In the roasting of coffee which is important for the human vitamin is formed from trigonelline, among others, B3 ( nicotinic acid).

This can cover about 10% of the daily requirement of this vitamin a cup of coffee, as this remains dissolved in the coffee making in the lipid droplets.

Trigonelline is contained in seeds of arabica coffee to about one percent. The content varies by the roasting process of coffee:

A cup of 150 ml of 7.5 g of roasted coffee contains on average 27 mg trigonelline, and this is strongly influenced by the infusion method.

The application of trigonelline to promote hair growth is patent pending, which fenugreek seeds has been used with the content of 3% trigonelline as the starting substance. Mechanism of action on the hair roots is not precisely known, it is believed that trigonelline and diosgenin act against the hair and prevent the formation of harmful dihydrotestosterone, so that the hair root is protected.

Scientists at the University of Ancona found in a study that ingredients of coffee may protect against dental caries. Caries is caused by the action of various bacteria that settle in slime and deposits on the tooth surface. Even more detailed studies are needed less investigated constituents of coffee as trigonelline and nicotinic acid, probably appear to inhibit bacterial growth.