Tripleurospermum maritimum
Coastal chamomile ( Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp. Maritimum )
The coastal chamomile ( Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp maritimum, Syn. Matricaria maritima L.), also called True beach chamomile, a plant belonging to the daisy family is (Asteraceae). She has only a weak chamomile fragrance and prefers to grow on saline soils usually near the sea.
Occurrence
The coastal Chamomile is used in the Boreal to the Atlantic- temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. It grows in the Spülsäumen the sea shores or salt bodies in inland North America and Eurasia. Within Germany it is scattered before in Schleswig -Holstein, Lower Saxony and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
Description
The evergreen coastal chamomile grows as a summer annual or annual annual winter annual, rarely as a perennial, herbaceous plant, the growth heights of 10 to 30, sometimes reached 50 or 80 centimeters. She is a half- rosette plant that has prostrate to ascending, branched from the ground to way branching stems.
She has bright green to dark green, somewhat fleshy and multi- pinnate leaves. The single, relatively short Fiederabschnitte show on its underside weak furrows. The leaves when crushed give off only a weak chamomile scent. The bracts are colored dark green to brown in the middle. They are oblong shaped to nearly triangular. The edges are pale to dark brown and about 0.2 to 1 mm wide.
The terminal bloom conditions ( Pseudanthien ) have a diameter of about 5 centimeters. The bracts wear a narrow brown skin edge. The flower heads contain tongue and tubular flowers. The 20 to 30 pure white ray florets (also called ray florets ) are spread out flat, the golden yellow tubular flowers (also called disc florets ) are in the form of a hemisphere arranged so that the bottom of the flower head appears curved.
The flowering period extends from July to October.
The fruits ( achenes ) are also curved and have dark wrinkled on ribs. You have two separate elliptical shaped oil glands. These are more than twice as long as wide. The pappus is formed as a narrow margin of skin.
The coastal Chamomile is a full- light plant. Your ecological focus is on moist to temporarily wet, nitrogen-rich, moderately calcareous and saline soils. The flowers are pollinated by insects. The long-lived seeds are spread over a Klebmechanismus ( Epizoochorie ) by sticking to the fur and feathers, more rarely, through the passage of the digestive tract of animals ( endozoochory ).
System
The species of the genus Tripleurospermum were formerly included in the genus Matricaria. Tripleurospermum maritimum includes three subspecies:
- Scentless chamomile, Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp. inodorum, Syn: Tripleurospermum perforatum
- Coastal chamomile, Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp. maritimum
- Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp. phaeocephalum
These differ in the shape and size of the bracts and in the size and shape of the oil body of the fruit.