Tripleurospermum
Coastal chamomile ( Tripleurospermum maritimum )
The beach Chamomile ( Tripleurospermum ) belong to the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). They are in their outward appearance of the Real chamomile ( Matricaria recutita ) are very similar, but do not smell like this.
- 4.1 Single Source
- 4.2 External links
Dissemination
Beach chamomile are used in North America, Eurasia and North Africa. Some species were introduced to North America and New Zealand. In many places, apply some species, such as the scentless chamomile, as an invasive species. In Europe, only Tripleurospermum maritimum and T. caucasicum come before in Southeastern Europe. The species grow a variety of sites, often along the coasts, but also in ruderal, along roadsides and in fields.
Description
Beach chamomile are one-, two - or multi-year with growth heights between 5 and 80 centimeters. They are odorless, unlike the genuine chamomile. The one to five shoots grow erect or decumbent and branched one or more times. They are hairy or smooth sparse. The one to three times pinnate leaves are hairy as bare or weak. The outer edges are notched or toothed. The bract envelope, the involucre, forms a hemisphere, reaching 8 to 12 millimeters in diameter. The 28 to 60 and more wide - oval bracts are arranged in two to five rows. The edges and tips are pale to dark brown or black, and more or less trockenhäutig.
The disk-shaped flower heads ( Pseudanthien ) individually are terminally or in umbel- like arrangement on the shoot. The flower head is convex to conical. The flower heads have 300 to 500 inner yellow tubular flowers, and 0 to 34 and more white outer ray florets. The fruit is an achene with a pappus, which is designed as membranous hem. There are up to five oil glands at the apex of the tip triple ribbed fruit.
System
The species of the genus Tripleurospermum were integrated earlier in the genre of Chamomile (Matricaria ). Hence the numerous synonyms.
They differ from the Chamomile by three times instead of five times ribbed fruits as well as two oil glands near the apex tip of the fruit. Then the scientific name is based, which is of Latin origin and tri = three, pleuron = fin, sperm = seed means. It could be shown that the genus Tripleurospermum the kind of dog Chamomile ( Anthemis ) is closer than the genus Matricaria.
Types (selection)
The genus includes about 38 to 40 species.
- Tripleurospermum ambiguum ( Ledeb. ) Franch. et Sav.
- Tripleurospermum caucasicum ( Willd.) Hayek
- Tripleurospermum decipiens ( Fisch. & CA Mey. ) Bornm.
- Tripleurospermum disciforme (CA Mey. ) Schultz- Bip.
- Tripleurospermum homogamum G. X. Fu
- Tripleurospermum limosum ( Maxim. ) Pobed.
- Tripleurospermum maritimum ( Linnaeus) WDJ Koch, with the subspecies: Coastal chamomile, Tripleurospermum maritimum ( Linnaeus) WDJ Koch subsp. maritimum
- Scentless chamomile, Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp. inodorum (L.) Appleq.
- Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp. phaeocephalum ( Ruprecht ) Hämet - Ahti
Synonyms see GRIN.