Tristesse
The Tristesse (French [ tʀistɛs ] " mourning; Sadness " ) refers to a feeling or an aesthetic impression of sadness, the misery, the misery, or wasteland. They can be used both to describe emotions and mood and for designating states, objects or locations. In this case, the term boredom, dullness or lack of variety expresses.
Frequently than the noun, the adjective is used dreariness dreary in German. The term was derived dreary late 18th century by German students from the French word. In the first period after the acquisition of the French foreign word is found quite often the missing "e" in the German language. The entire word field is considered a negative connotation.
In the 20th century, the adjective was sad about in the German vocabulary, whereas the noun sadness is still recognizable as a French foreign word.
Etymology and history of words
The word Tristesse is used in Germany since the late 18th century. It is a loanword from French. After Friedrich Seiler, the term was taken from a need for richer and finer gradation of the expression, which results from a further deepening and refinement of perception, together with a number of epithets.
The borrowing of the word a meaning change took place, it means sadness in French nor easy " sadness ", the term was an aesthetic dimension in German. However, a close link between emotion and aesthetics is already old. Augustine of Hippo asked in his treatise De vera religione already in the 4th century: Quaeram UTRUM ideo pulchra sint, quia delectant; delectent to ideo, quia pulchra sunt. ( Are the beautiful things beautiful because they give pleasure, or prepare them joy, because they are beautiful? ) The use of emotive terms to describe aesthetic sensibilities is also in the German common ( examples: a sad picture, a friendly arrangement ).
In French, the term ever since 1145 is in a font of the Norman poet Wace, entitled La conception de Notre Dame. To find the word in the Roman de Troie of Benoit de Sainte -Maure from the 12th century. Examples of the use of the word tristesse in the 17th century, 1683 to be read with Nicolas Boileau or 1611 in Randle Cotgrave. In the late 19th century, they found, among others at Léon Cladel in Ompdrailles, le tombeau -des- Lutteurs from 1879.
In the other heavily influenced by the French dialects and languages of the small terminus is always similar, so is drab or dull from the French triste in Walloon triss and Provencal. Also in other Romance languages, the root word is preserved examples are the Italian and the Spanish triste triste.
But common root is the Latin word tristis, which had different meanings. In use with fatum ( fate ), crohn's ( death ), or bellum ( war ) it can be described as " unglücksverheißend, mourning bringing, sinister or dangerous" translate. In use in senex (the age ) or vita (life) but it is often referred to as " unfriendly, serious or strictly " construed. In Charon of Lampsacus to tristis found in vultus ( the face ) or Navita ( The Sailor) in the meaning " grim, hard" or " dark ". In conjunction with sapor (the taste ) but it can also " bitter herb" or " disgusting " translated. With amici ( friend ) the final words "sad". The corresponding noun is tristitia " sadness " is used mainly in meaning.
The Latin word tristis again goes back to the ancient Greek δρίμύς ( Drimos ), which is " penetrating, sharp, tart or bitter" translated. Relationship but also seems to Anglo-Saxon priste in the meaning " bold, brash " and praestan, the " press " means to exist. Linguistic root would then treis, which is translated to "press " with.
Literature - Bonjour Tristesse
In the German literature, there are the first uses of the word in the early 18th century when Franz von Gaudy ( " days and weeks went dull and dreary in quarter portions" ) or Christian Dietrich Grabbe ( " Oh, so must I get the thick Konrad, for he has again become terribly sad, since one pieces the old road "). At that time, the usage of the term in the literature but is seldom, he was easily recognized as a foreign word and out of focus in its semantic content and dazzling.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe calls the expression at the same time more than once. So he finds himself in the Italian travel from the years 1786-1788: " The coffee that gave me a very own dreary mood. " Or in the Maxims and Reflections: " ... but it's all a bit dismal but by round, the some depressed state implies and the reader, if not down draws, but certainly does not rise. "
Heinrich Heine uses the term in "Never has a man's word made a tristeren and more painful impression on me. " Even with Pueckler, ETA Hoffmann, Jean Paul Fontane and there is the sadness.
Gottfried Benn titled one of his famous poems Tristesse. It says in the last paragraph, the impressively describes the feeling of sadness:
Was published in 1954 in France Bonjour tristesse, the first novel in the 18 -year-old Françoise Sagan about the sadness of growing up. Her book became an international bestseller, and in 1958 by Otto Preminger filmed ( Bonjour Tristesse ). The novel title was in German dictum.
Trivia
In Kreuzberg district of Berlin in the late 1980s on the gable of the corner building Silesian road No.8, the words " Bonjour Tristesse " were (architect Álvaro Siza Vieira ) by an unknown sprayer, sprayed. This should probably be understood as a critique of the unornamented striking gray facade, which is characterized primarily within the founding temporal, heterogeneous street scene through a rigorous, regular and almost square grid window without window crosses. The architect and Pritzker Prize winner Siza Vieira ( 1992) felt by these berlin typical Spitznamensgebung for buildings (according to his own statement in a lecture at the Technical University of Berlin) but rather honored and flattered and had therefore renew the lettering in the past several times at his own expense. The house is therefore now known in the history of architecture by the name of Bonjour Tristesse.
The composer Enrique Santos Discépolo coined the famous phrase "Tango is the sad thought that can be danced ."