Tughril

Tughrul - Beg (c. 990; † September 4, 1063 in Tajrish at Rayy ) was the first Sultan of the Seljuks. He was the grandson of Saldschūq 'm Duqāq, the namesake and tribal leaders of the then leading family of the Oghuz Turks. He was the leader of the Seljuks in the victory at the Battle of Dandanqan ( 1040 ) and he finished in 1055 the patronage of the Shiite Buyids over the Sunni Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad. This event is of world historical importance as the political Shi'ism was halted in much of the Islamic world. The Caliph recognized Tughrul as the "King of the East and West" and awarded him the title Rukn ad - Dīn ( " rest of faith ").

Name

The name Tughrul is Turkish and means a bird of prey in the family of hawk or falcon -like. A similar significance has the name of Tughruls brother Chaghri. Beg is a Turkish ruler title. In contemporary Persian or Arabic works we find the spellings طغرل بیک and طغرل بك ( Tugrul Bek and Tugrul Beg ). The neutürkische spelling is Tuğrul Bey. Name variants encountered in secondary literature are Tugril, Toghril, Toghril, togrıl, Tugrul Beg, Tuğrul Beğ or Togrul Beğ; in engl also: Toğrül, Toghrül or Tuğril Beg Arab epithets are Abu Talib Muhammad bin Mikail.

Biography

Before the rise of the Seljuk Seljuk Empire to Great Power were son Arslan and his grandson Tughrul and Chaghri as mercenaries of Qarakhanid of Bukhara under Ali Tigin in their fight against the Ghaznavids. As the influence of Mahmud of Ghazni grew Tughrul fled to Choresmien to Altuntaschiden, but only a short time later (1028/1029) together with his brother Chaghri the cities of Merv and Nishapur to subdue and then to gain control over the whole of Khorasan one years.

In 1040 he beat and his brother in the decisive battle of Mahmud's son Masud Dandanqan I of Ghazni and repressed in the following four years, the Ghaznavids from Persia.

1049 Rayy was his capital, Isfahan 1051 then. As successors of the Ghaznavids demanded Tughrul from the Abbasid Caliph al - Qaim in Baghdad recognition as ruler of the Islamic countries. The Caliphate was controlled at the time of the Shiite Buyids. In addition, established with the Fatimids in North Africa a serious competitor to the spiritual leadership of Muslims. So it was that al - Qaim Tughrul looked at as a possible savior of the Sunni Caliphate of the Shiite opponents. After a long correspondence Tughrul was launched in 1055 to Baghdad. The buyidischen rulers rebelled openly against the caliph and Tughrul. So then it came to Baghdad to fighting between the two camps. At the end Tughrul was "King of the East and the West " ( Maliku 'l- maschriq wa - ' l- maghrib ) appointed and also received the title Rukn ad-Din ( " rest of faith "). He undertook to conquer the breakaway territories in Syria and North Africa for the caliphate. To strengthen this alliance he gave his niece to the Caliph 's wife.

In the period that followed, there was a division of the Seldschukenreichs. Tughrul ruled from Isfahan from the west, while Chaghri dominated from the east of Merv. This cleavage could be reversed only after the end of Tughruls regency.

With the rise Tughruls by a tribal leader to the Sultan turned the Seljuk. Tughrul was displaced to a monarch in this classic- Iranian model, who surrounded himself with Arab and Iranian officials and viziers and so the Turkmens from the state apparatus. This led to riots, so his nephew Ibrahim Inal rebelled with the help of the Buyids and Fatimids against Tughrul. This uprising joined other nephews and a cousin named Tughruls Qutalmisch Beg. Tughrul emerged victorious from this conflict and let his nephew, as the shedding of blood of the ruling family was a taboo, choking.

During the absence Tughruls Baghdad fell in January 1059 after a revolt briefly in the hands of the Caliph al - Mustansir of Cairo, but was not two years later recaptured by Tughrul.

Despite his age Tughrul wanted to marry a daughter of the Caliph. But these declines or delays in the project with the hope that Tughrul would die. Finally Tughrul married in 1062 the Caliph 's daughter. But not a year later, on September 4, 1063, he died near Rayy. As his successor he appointed his nephew Sulaiman, but by the following power struggle was a nephew named Alp Arslan other new Sultan.